The purpose of raising the deer is to require the doe to have high fertility, have a healthy constitution, and breed good offspring. The deer can breed good offspring, not only related to the female deer species, but also has a close relationship with the husbandry and management. A good husbandry and management can enable the deer to display its excellent production performance.
According to the nutritional needs and feeding and management characteristics of the doe at different times, the deer breeding management can be divided into three periods, which are divided into the following categories:
1 Breeding and management of breeding doe
After weaning the deer at the end of August each year, the doe stops lactation and enters the early stage of physical recovery. The breeding season starts from mid-September to late November.
Before deciding to breed, deer herds should be eliminated, and the deer who has infertility, evil spirits, age, or serious illness should be eliminated. According to the genetic relationship of the species, age and physical health, the group can be divided into the core group, the general breeding group, and the deer group. Each breeder deer generally has 25 to 30 animals.
The breeding and management level of the mating period doe has an important impact on accelerating the mating schedule and improving the deer fertility rate. For example, during the breeding period, if the female deer body is wasted and malnutrition, the estrus will be late or not in heat, and the breeding period will be prolonged, and even the female deer will be infertile. Full body condition, well-fed doe, rapid growth and development of eggs, strong lust, estrus obvious, and can focus on heat in advance, so the mating progress is fast, the conception rate and twin birth rate is also higher.
During the breeding period, the doe diets should be adapted to local conditions, mainly based on large-size coarse materials and juicy feeds, supplemented by concentrates. The concentrate is mainly bean cake, corn, sorghum and so on. Doe day feed concentrate amount 1.0 ~ 1.2kg; coarse material 2.5 ~ 3.5kg, salt 18g; calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 ~ 20g; trace elements, vitamins should be added according to the brand instructions used properly.
2 Feeding Management of Doe during Pregnancy
Doe gestation period is generally seven and a half months (225 ~ 234d), mainly refers to the year from December to April in the coming year. The growth and development of the fetus during the pre-pregnancy and mid-pregnancy is relatively slow, and the growth and development of the fetus is very fast in the later period, and the maternal uterus and mammary gland also increase. More than 80% of the fetus's weight gains during the last 3 months of pregnancy. By the end of pregnancy, diets should be formulated according to the different stages of fetal growth and development. In particular, the stomach volume of the deer gradually decreases during the later period of pregnancy, and the digestive function is weakened. The feed of the deer should be selected for its small volume, good quality, and strong palatability. Concentrates such as soybean cakes and other protein feed should account for 30% to 35%, corn, sorghum, bran, etc. accounted for 50% to 70%. The daily amount of roughage for gravies is 2.5 to 3.0 kg of crushed corn stalks. Conditions can be fed silage, high acidity should not be avoided to prevent miscarriage.
The pregnant doe is fed 2 or 3 times of roughage during the day. If it is fed 2 times during the day, it should be fed with coarse material at night.
In the second trimester of pregnancy, all female deer should be inspected, deer populations should be adjusted, and frail and malnourished doe should be allocated to the corresponding deer for feeding management.
In order to enhance the physical health of the doe, exercise regularly for 1 hour every day. The deer's room is well lit, 10cm thick hay is often placed on the livestock bed, and the barn and sports grounds are frequently cleaned to regularly disinfect the drug to strengthen the domestication of pregnant deer. Stable groups to prevent accidents caused by miscarriage.
3 feeding and management of lactating doe
The doe starts to lamb in early May and is weaned in late August. The lactation period is about 90 days. After 1 month of birth, the deer gains a weight of 6.0kg and an average daily weight gain of about 0.5kg. The lactating doe needs to absorb large amounts of protein, fat, minerals and vitamins and drinking water from the feed every day, and it is converted into milk in the body.
After giving birth to the female deer, the rumen volume increases and the gastrointestinal digestive capacity increases. Therefore, the deer lactation period is higher than the feed intake during pregnancy, the water requirement is also large, and the quantity and quality of the feed supply increase accordingly. The lactating doe concentrate feeds 65% to 75% of the protein feed in the diet. Each day, it feeds 2 to 3 times of coarse material, 3 times of fine material, and 1 night of coarse feed.
Doe homes in summer should pay special attention to keeping cleanliness and avoid harmful microorganisms contaminating the doe's breast and milk, causing deer disease. Keepers regularly clean the deer's house and disinfect the drug spray.
Timely adjustment and domestication of the female deer do not be forced to drive away the deer and deer that are timid, panicky, frightened, and vulnerable. If necessary, they need to be guided by the docile deer.
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