Hebei Province generally enters into the annual flood season in July. In recent years, the climate change has been remarkable, and the rainfall in the flood season is relatively large. As in the flood season last year, there was an extremely large amount of rainfall, which caused great losses to the production of fruit trees. Therefore, before the flood season, the orchard should be prevented from flooding in advance, and flood damages can be properly avoided or mitigated. In the flood season, the damage to fruit trees is mainly strong winds, strong rainfall and continuous rainfall. Strong winds and strong rainfall can cause broken branches, large number of fruit drop, and even fruit trees. Continuous rain will cause orchards to accumulate water, fruit trees will cause damage, fruit drop, and fallen leaves. Will cause dead trees. In addition, continuous rainy weather can easily cause serious diseases and pests due to high temperature and high humidity in the flood season, which seriously affects the yield and quality of fruit trees in the year. The decline in tree vigor will also affect the growth and results of the next year.
However, over the years, the majority of fruit orchards produced in our province have only paid attention to post-disaster management and recovery after the floods in the flood season, and have failed to do a good job of “preventing problemsâ€. Therefore, from the beginning of the establishment, the orchard should take into consideration flood prevention and flood control work, and do a good job in comprehensive flood prevention and flood control work in order to be prepared for the flood season.
I. Orchard location
Orchards in plain areas should be built on high-lying, easily-drained plots, and not on low-lying lands to prevent accumulation of water; hilly areas should be built on gentle slopes, not on the bottom of valleys or on steep slopes to prevent flash floods and rains. .
Second, planting density and tree
The planting density should not be too large. When the density is large, the roots of the fruit trees will become smaller, and the plants will have close contact with each other and the wind resistance will be weakened. The tree-shaped crowns are not tall, but wide, and the branches are equipped with a reasonable tree shape, such as a spindle, to facilitate ventilation.
III. Construction of drainage facilities
1. Plain orchard. The community should not be too large to facilitate drainage. It is better to reduce the gradient of 0.3% to 0.5% when setting up the site for construction. It is convenient for irrigation and drainage. Gutters should be built between the communities, and the drainage channels of various communities should be interconnected. The main ditch should be large. Drainage should be slightly lower than the orchard surface.
2. Mountain hill orchards. Because of the certain slopes in the hilly areas of the mountainous area, the erosion during the rainy season is more severe. The drainage system is designed in combination with terraced fields. The drainage system of the orchards in the better hilly orchard can be divided into three levels: one is to set up water blocking around the top of the orchard. Ditch, the main role is to cut off the rainy season caused by the top of the mountain runoff, to prevent flash floods into the orchard, the size of the ring along the mountain orchard area above the collection, the general depth of 60 to 100 centimeters, than the ratio of 0.3% to 0.5%, bamboo-shaped Set up, every 8 to 10 meters to dig a soil nest, below the surface of the groove 20 to 30 cm, in order to buffer the flow rate. Ring gullies should be connected with vertical drains. The second is to set up vertical drainage channels according to the trend of the natural waterway network, or to dig some bamboo-shaped vertical drainage ditches on both sides of the main road or branch roads in conjunction with the road planning, and to connect the wall trenches and some horizontal drains and longitudinal drainage at all levels of the terraced fields. The ditch can be slightly smaller. The third is to set a horizontal drainage ditch, which is connected to a vertical drainage ditch to drain the water from the orchard.
IV. Reasonable cultivation methods
1. Gaotai cultivation. For example, cherry trees with poor resistance to pods can be raised on high platforms and planted on high platforms. The table height is about 20 cm above the surface of the orchard to reduce the danger of water accumulation.
2. Other facilities. Such as grape planting grape frame, hedgerow hedge cultivation, bird nets, etc., the frame quality is better, the installation should be strong, strong wind resistance.
V. Drainage equipment is complete
Prepare drainage devices such as pumps and submersible pumps in advance. If there is stagnant water during the flood season, timely mechanical drainage, in particular, peach or apricot roots with relatively shallow distribution of species or species, the ability to resist lice is poor, and timely drainage.
6. Prepare flood control materials or equipment
1. Bamboo rafts, hemp ropes, trimming tools, etc. Heavy rain is often accompanied by strong winds, causing broken branches and even fallen trees. The branches of fruit trees that are blown by strong winds should be cut and sawed in time to clear out the orchards and prevent pests and diseases from arising. For the wind-rippled fruit trees to be blown down, the tree shall be supported by means of supporting, pulling, and supporting. At the same time, the fruit trees in the flood season are prone to prosperous growth. To improve the growth characteristics of different tree species and species, it is necessary to do a good job of summer shearing fruit trees and adjust the tree growth potential.
2. Pesticides and fertilizers. After continuous heavy rainfall, the air humidity continues to be relatively high, and in July and August, the high temperature in the flood season. This kind of high temperature and high humidity weather is most suitable for the growth and reproduction of germs, and the water resistance causes the decline of tree resistance and can easily occur. Diseases, such as apple, pear ringworm disease, pear scab, grape downy mildew, peach brown rot, jujube fruit disease. Therefore, after the occurrence of continuous heavy rainfall in flood season, we must strengthen the prevention and treatment of fruit tree diseases. For the diseases of different fruit trees, the agents with better control effect were selected for prevention and treatment. At the same time, after the fruit trees are flooded, they must supplement the fertilizers and restore their vigor. Top dressing should control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The condition can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
3. Agricultural machinery. In silt-laden orchards, mechanical sludge should be removed in time after drainage to ensure that the trees return to normal growth as soon as possible. After the conditions permit, the agricultural machinery shall be applied in time for cultivating or deep turning, removing all kinds of weeds in the orchard, loosening the soil and increasing the air permeability to facilitate the normal growth of the root system.
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