Since July 21, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei suffered heavy rainstorms, most of the country's areas have been affected by flood seasons, of which North China has been the most affected. A total of 3,800 pigs in a pig farm in Fangshan District in Beijing have almost lost their lives. From July 30 to July 31, heavy rains or torrential rains occurred in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Shandong, which caused a great impact on planting and animal husbandry. The investigation results of the Baoding Comprehensive Experimental Station of the National Dairy Industry System in Hebei, Baoding, Langfang, southern Chengde, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao have shown that this continuous rainfall has had a great impact on the local dairy cattle breeding industry. According to incomplete statistics, the losses Nearly 6 million yuan. The loss is mainly manifested in the following three aspects. First, the silo is flooded, and hay and concentrate are wetted. This results in a shortage of fodder for dairy cows. It is also subject to mildew due to the effects of rain for a long time. Second, continuous raining leads to sports grounds and cattle. Loaching and loaching, cows are unable to rest on the playground and can only stay in the cowshed. The density of the cows is too large and affects the cows' rest. As a result, the cows suffer from large energy loss, falling injuries and high limb and foot disease. Third, the cows' udder is contaminated, causing further damage. The number of somatic cells and bacteria in milk increased, milk production and milk quality decreased. In order to minimize the loss of continuous rainfall to dairy cows, experts from the National Dairy Industry Technical System recommend the following technical measures.
1. Strengthen the rainwater leakage prevention and anti-seepage treatment in the forage material storage area to ensure the quality of silage and pasture and prevent mildew from occurring
This continuous rainfall has a greater impact on the silage and pasture of dairy farms. The management of the silo should pay attention to the following four aspects: First, check whether the plastic sheet on the top of the silage corn is intact.
Prevent leakage; second, timely clear the drainage channels around the silo, prevent rainwater from pouring into the silo, the silo that has been in the water should be drained immediately, and the third is to keep the surface of the silo taken flat and use it immediately after taking the material. Waterproof plastic sheet covers the receiving surface; Fourth, mild silages cannot feed dairy cows.
Check the roof of the hay shed and concentrate feed storage room for leaks, and whether the bottom is wet with rain, and timely dredge the surrounding drainage pipes.
2. Strengthen the management of cowsheds and playgrounds to ensure the comfort of cows
Continued rainfall will prevent the cows from entering the playground and will only confine the cows to a smaller space in the cowshed. Therefore, the environmental health of the barn and bed comfort are very important. Increase the number of decomposing cowsheds and keep the floor of the cowshed clean and skid-free. The bed will be the only lying space for the cows. It is important to ensure that the sleeping mattress material is dry, adequate and smooth, and that the feces on the bed are cleared in time to ensure that more than 95% of the sleeping beds have cows lying down. Discharge the stagnant water in the stadium in time, level the stadium, and clear the surrounding drainage pipes.
In the event that all cows do not have a dry area where they can lie down, shelters should be set up on the playground to prevent cows from lying on the muddy ground, preventing milk production after the rain from falling, and deteriorating dairy health.
3. Strengthen the management of the milking parlor to ensure the quality and safety of raw milk
Due to the muddy mud and cowsheds on the playground, the cows' body and breast hygiene are worse than those on sunny days. Therefore, in order to guarantee the quality and safety of raw milk, milking procedures must be strictly followed and the cow's breasts must be placed before milking. Clean, squeeze before and after the two medicine baths, each medicine bath time is more than 10 seconds, a cow or a towel, to prevent the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows increased, resulting in increased milk cell number and bacteria .
4. Strengthen dairy cows' feeding management to ensure stable milk production and milk quality
Regular inspection of feed abnormalities, resolutely abandoned moldy forage material, add anti-mold agent or mold removal agent. Since rain may cause silage water content higher than usual and the increase of grass moisture, it is necessary to pay close attention to the TMR moisture content, which cannot exceed 55%. High water content will significantly reduce the dry matter intake of dairy cows. The use of TMR grading screens at China Agricultural University to check the particle size of the diet to prevent overwhelming hay from being wrapped around the knife is not easy to chop, resulting in too long forages in the TMR, causing the phenomenon of picky eaters. Although dairy cows are cold-resistant, body heat loss is very fast when the cows are soaked in hair and windy. At this time, it is necessary to increase the intake of concentrates by 0.5-1 kg. Ensure that drinking water is clean and sufficient to prevent cows from drinking muddy water and stagnant water containing pathogenic microorganisms.
5. Strengthen disease prevention and control to prevent increased incidence of mastitis and limb and foot disease in cows after rain
After continuous rainfall, cows are prone to induce mastitis, limb and foot disease (rotahoe disease, fall) due to muddy fields, high humidity and pathogenic microorganisms. Changes in the lying environment of cows, as well as the high moisture content of the feed and possible mildew in the feed, can also easily lead to increased incidence of diarrhea and miscarriage rates in dairy cows. Milk cell number testing should be strengthened, beef herd observation should be strengthened, hoof and bath hooves should be timely repaired, early detection and early treatment. In addition, the incidence of mastitis is high, there is a possibility of alcohol positive milk, should pay attention to testing.
6. Strengthen the management of manure and dead cows to ensure the safety of production and life
Pay close attention to the place where the manure is dumped and the dead cattle are buried to prevent the spread of the sewage, so as to avoid the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and the impact on the dairy farm.
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