Advanced machinery and equipment can create a more ideal living environment for chickens and greatly increase the production efficiency of chicken production. The equipment required for raising chickens is:
First, heating equipment
During the brooding period and the severe winter season, heating can be achieved by heating with electric heating, plumbing, gas heating, coal stoves, and fire pits. Electric heating, plumbing and gas heating are relatively clean and sanitary. Coal stove heating should pay attention to prevent gas poisoning accidents. Fire heating is more expensive than fuel, but the temperature is relatively stable. As long as the required temperature can be ensured, it is feasible to use which kind of heating equipment. The underground flue-type heating equipment (fire pits) and electric heat insulation umbrellas are described below.
1. Underground flue heating: flue heating brooding method is more suitable for small and medium-sized chicken farms. It is made of brick or adobe, the larger brooding room can use a long flue, and the smaller brooding room can use a flue-shaped surrounding flue. When designing the flue, the diameter of the flue inlet should be larger, and it should gradually become smaller at the outlet to the smoke outlet; the inlet should be slightly lower, and the smoke outlet should gradually increase with the extension of the flue to facilitate heating. Circulate and smoke, prevent smoking.
Electric heat insulation umbrella: electric heat insulation umbrella can be homemade, you can also buy. The insulating umbrella can be made of iron sheet, aluminum sheet or wood board, fiber board, reinforcing steel frame and cloth, and the heat source can be electric wire or electric heating plate, and can also be heated and burned by petroleum liquefier. At present, the typical product of the electric heat insulating umbrella is heated by embedded ceramic far-infrared heating plate, and each 500 m canopies with a diameter of 2 m can be bred. Before use, the temperature adjustment and the standard thermometer should be calibrated so that the temperature can be controlled properly. .
Second, ventilation equipment
Closed sheds must be mechanically ventilated to solve problems of air exchange and cooling in summer. There are two types of mechanical ventilation, air delivery and exhaust: The air supply ventilation is to use a fan to force fresh air into the house to create a positive pressure inside the house and to remove the contaminated air. Exhaust ventilation is to use a fan to forcibly remove the dirty air in the house to create a negative pressure inside the house. Fresh air enters the house through the air inlet. There are many types and models of ventilation machinery, which can be selected according to actual conditions. In the past, closed-type broilers used horizontal ventilation. They were fed from one side into the air and exhausted from the other side. In recent years, some chicken farms have adopted vertical ventilation, and the results show that the ventilation effect is better, and the effect of cooling in the hot season is more obvious.
The open house mainly adopts natural ventilation, and uses doors, windows and skylights to adjust the ventilation. When the outside wind speed is large or the temperature difference between inside and outside is large, ventilation is effective. In the hot summer weather, the natural ventilation effect is poor and mechanical ventilation is required. Add it. In the open chicken house, if the roller blind is used instead of the window, the sweeping window is formed by lifting the roller blind in the summer and the ventilation effect is good, but it should not be used in regions with severe cold in winter.
Third, water supply equipment
From the viewpoint of water conservation and prevention of bacterial contamination of drinking water, nipple drinkers are the most ideal, but because the quality of such products is not closed and the water leakage problem cannot be solved, few chick farms use nipple drinkers. The most commonly used cage for raising chickens and laying hens is the “V†type sink, which often supplies water. As long as the water tank is firmly connected and the slope of the installation is appropriate, there will be no leakage, but the sink must be cleaned daily. The use of a bell-shaped vacuum waterer is most suitable for chicks, but it is necessary to periodically add water and clean regularly. There are different models of commercially available bell-shaped vacuum drinkers, which are configured according to the size of the chicken body. Leveling chickens can use automatic drinking tower cranes. The drinking fountains are suspended from the ceiling by ropes. The water inlet hoses at the top are connected with the main water pipes. The incoming water flows into the drinking water tray through the control valve. Health and water conservation.
Fourth, feeding equipment
The main use of food troughs is to use long troughs for caged chickens. Feeding is automated using feeders and chain feeders. Feeding chickens can use this feeding method and feed cans. Chickens use feed trays. The shape of the trough affects whether the feed can be fully utilized. The food trough is too shallow and there is no guarding edge that will result in more feed wastage. When the trough is high on one side and the slope is large, the feed can be prevented from being scattered out of the trough when the chicken feeds. The size of the trough should be set according to the size of the chicken body. 5. Egg production equipment Breeding breeder chickens or flat laying hens can adopt two-layer nesting boxes. Each four hens are provided with one position. The height of the upper pedal from the ground should not exceed 60 cm. Each nest box is about 30 cm wide, 30 cm high and 32 to 38 cm deep. Both side and back of the nesting box can be in the form of a grid to ensure air circulation in the nesting box and facilitate heat dissipation. A buffer baffle of about 8 cm height should be provided on the outer edge of the bottom to prevent the eggs from rolling off the ground.
VI. Cleaning equipment
In general, farms use regular artificial excrement, and a few chicken farms use manure-stripping machinery to excrete manure. The wire rope scraping the manure board is easily corroded and broken, and the maintenance is inconvenient, the construction cost is high, and it is difficult to use without electric power guarantee. Therefore, there are not many chicken farms using mechanical excrement.
VII. Cage
Brooders can use stencils or vertical multilayer brooders. In addition to cultivating chickens in the plane, broilers are often grown in overlapping or stepped cages. Laying hens are basically caged. Implementation of cage and cage chickens can make full use of space, increase feeding capacity, good hygiene and cleanliness, facilitate prevention of disease, save feed, have a higher cleanliness of eggs, and facilitate the management of chickens. At present, there are many domestic manufacturers of chicken cages. Breeding cages are used for individual cages for breeding. The ancestors and parents can use ordinary laying cages or small cages. Small groups of breeding cages can be shaded at one end of the cage to create a quiet environment for the laying of hens, while preventing licking during production.
Eight, lighting equipment
Currently incandescent (ie bulb) lighting is commonly used. Many chicken farms have installed timer automatic control light switches to replace the manual switch lights, ensuring accurate and reliable illumination time. Fluorescent tubes can also be used to illuminate the lamp towards the ceiling, so that the light can be reflected from the ceiling to the ground. This kind of scattered light is soft and uniform. Using fluorescent lighting can also save electricity.
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