In the greenhouse of plastic solar greenhouse, the sprinkler irrigation technology can make the water, fertilizer and temperature in the greenhouse work together to regulate the air humidity and improve the crop growth environment. The practice of a vegetable greenhouse in Jiangxiang Town, suburb of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, proves that the use of sprinkler irrigation technology in the greenhouse can not only reduce the labor intensity of vegetable growers, but also increase the yield of vegetables. The following describes the sprinkler irrigation technology of this vegetable greenhouse, for farmers' reference.
First, the requirements of sprinkler irrigation equipment in greenhouses
The sprinkler system equipment includes a water source, a sprinkler pump, a spray head, and the like. Greenhouse greenhouses have certain requirements for these sprinkler irrigation equipment: (1) required water source clear, no pollution, no impurities; 2 requirements for sprinkler irrigation pump and water source conditions should be reasonable, pump and nozzle working parameters should be consistent, pump and power machine, pipeline, The transmission and connection should be matched properly. When the flow demand is not large and the pressure requirement is not high, try to use single-phase water pump; 3 require the nozzle to have good anti-blocking performance, uniform spray water atomization, and match with the sprinkler pump. According to the size of the floor space, the temperature shed can build a water storage tank and select different irrigation pumps and nozzles according to the above requirements. The vegetable greenhouse in the suburb of Nanchang is rectangular and covers a small area. The sprinkler pump used is a single-phase water supply pump with a flow rate of 8~12 liters/hour. The working pressure of the nozzle matched with the pump is 0.18 kPa. It is 3.5~4 meters; the water pipe is made of PE pipe with a main diameter of 40 cm, a branch pipe diameter of 20 cm and a wall thickness of 2 mm.
Second, installation and inspection
The main water pipe is installed with a filter into the pool, one is equipped with a control valve and a sprinkler pump; the two pipes are arranged at a distance of 3 meters in the greenhouse, bolted to the ground 2 meters away, and connected with the main pipe; 3 meters, one nozzle is fixed on the elbow to connect the water pipe, and is installed in an upside down manner. After the sprinkler irrigation system is installed, check the connection parts of the filter, sprinkler pump, main water pipe, branch pipe and nozzle. If the fastening is good, it can be sprayed for 3~5 minutes for test spraying. If the nozzle is not sprayed, it should be sprayed. Stop the water supply and check the nozzle holes. If the sand and other debris are clogged, the nozzle should be removed to remove debris, but the nozzle should not be enlarged to avoid affecting the quality of the spray. At the same time, check if the filter is in good condition and if it is not in good condition, it must be repaired.
Third, the use of sprinkler irrigation system
After the sprinkler pump is started, the water supply pressure is controlled by the valve to maintain it at 0.18 kPa. The sprinkler irrigation time is generally selected in the morning or afternoon, when the geothermal energy rises rapidly after sprinkling. The spraying time and interval can be determined according to the different growth period and water requirement of vegetables. With the increase of vegetable plants, the sprinkler irrigation time needs to be gradually extended. It has been determined that it can be sprayed for 20 minutes in the high temperature season, and the temperature in the shed can be lowered by 6~8 °C. Because the sprinkling water is directly sprayed on the leaf surface of the crop, it is easy to absorb the leaf surface, which not only prevents pests and diseases, but also facilitates the growth of vegetables. For example, when combined with foliar application of fertilizer, vegetables grow better.
Fourth, using sprinkler irrigation for fertilization
Sprinkler irrigation can fertilize with water to improve fertilizer efficiency. It is advisable to apply a soluble fertilizer, 3 to 4 kg each time. First dissolve the fertilizer and pour it into the fertiliser tank. Because the fertiliser tank is connected to the water pipe, open the fertilization valve and adjust the main water valve. When there is water in the water pipe, the spray can be started. Generally, it is sprayed for 15~20 minutes. The ratio of fertilizer solution to water can be determined according to the growth of the vegetables. After spraying and fertilizing, continue to spray water for 3 to 5 minutes to clean the pipe and nozzle.
Five, the advantages of sprinkler irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation can supply water according to the water demand of vegetables to ensure that the soil does not compact, thus promoting vegetable growth and extending the supply period of vegetables. Practice has proved that using a good quality sprinkler irrigation system can save 50% of water, 30% of fertilizer, and increase crop yield by 20%.
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