Chrysanthemum is a plant of Compositae, containing 0.13% volatile oil, Jerusalem artichoke, adenine, choline, stachydrine and trace vitamin A-like substances, vitamin B, amino acids and locust alkali.
The common research of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the motherland shows that the drinking of Chrysanthemum tea has the following effects:
1. It has a sedative effect on the central nervous system;
2. Antipyretic effects
3. Enhances capillary resistance and expands coronary artery;
4. Antibacterial effect, Chrysanthemum water decoction and flooding agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Proteus, Salmonella typhi, Paratyphoid bacillus, Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus (PR3 strain) have inhibitory effects.
Chrysanthemum element content: Chrysanthemum contains zinc, sodium, iron and other elements, especially the highest iron content. Iron is an important component in cells, and more than half of the enzymes in the TCA cycle contain iron, or iron is needed as a cofactor. Iron is closely related to the body's immune defense function. It can coordinate the in vivo metabolism of zinc, calcium, and magnesium. Chrysanthemum has more nickel, zinc, and iron, but for sodium and calcium, wild chrysanthemum is higher than Chrysanthemum. The biggest difference is that the content of lead in Chrysanthemum is 6 times that of chrysanthemum. The growth of the ecological environment has also given us humans the danger of environmental lead pollution. Since Chrysanthemum contains lower lead and contains higher minerals, it has higher medical and bond-preserving values.
I. The positive inotropic effect of Chrysanthemum
1. The positive inotropic effect of total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Rat heart was perfused with Langendorff, left ventricular contraction curve was recorded with MedLah biological signal acquisition and processing system, and the contraction mechanical parameters of the heart were calculated, including left ventricular development pressure (LVDP), left ventricular development pressure and heart rate (LDP × HR), the maximum increase (decrease) rate of intraventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), the results show that different concentrations of the anti-Flos Chrysanthemum extract can dose-dependently increase perfusion heart LVDP, ± dp/dtmax and LVDP × HR. Chrysanthemum morifolium can cause heart rate to decrease when it is in high concentration (P<0.05).
2. Differences of positive inotropes between different solvent extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Extracting the total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium with different solvents can still significantly increase the LVDP, ±dP/dtmax, and HR×LVDP in isolated rat hearts, but there is a significant difference in the strength of action, and the order of magnitude of the effect of each extract on myocardial contractility The order of coronary flow is consistent.
3. The effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium on contractile force of isolated ventricular myocytes
The ventricular myocytes were enzymatically digested to observe the effects of extracts of Monimopsis chinensis on single ventricular myocytes. The systolic amplitude (dL) and maximum systolic velocity (+dL/dtmax) of ventricular myocytes were recorded and analyzed using the MedEase video tracking computer image analysis system. , maximal relaxation velocity (-dL/dtmax) and length of diastolic cardiomyocytes (LO). The most intense fractions of the total extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium and various solvent extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium could increase the contraction index (±dL/dtmax and dL) of the individual cardiomyocytes in a concentration-dependent manner.
Therefore, Chrysanthemum showed its positive inotropic effect whether isolated from the heart or a single cardiomyocyte. The study of whether Chrysanthemum has a positive inotropic effect on the whole animal heart is in progress.
Second, the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of Chrysanthemum
1. Effect of Chrysanthemum on coronary flow (CF) in the heart
Langendorff perfusion was performed on rat hearts, and various concentrations of total extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium (high, medium, and low concentrations) were added to the perfusate. The results showed that total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium increased the concentration of rat heart CF,3 Compared with the high concentration of anti-white chrysanthemum Danshen injection, the increase of CF was still lower than the high concentration of Chrysanthemum.
The extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium could still increase the cardiac CF of rats, but the increase was greater. The part of the extract that has the greatest strength is equivalent to the total extract of the same concentration, but its volume is much smaller than the total extract. The anti-myocardial ischemia experiment was performed on the anti-myocardial ischemia experiments of the total anti-chrysanthemum extract and the different solvent extracts. It was found that both can significantly improve the reduction of CF during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
Effect of Chrysanthemum Chinensis on CF and Myocardial Contractile Force during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion
Ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of isolated rat for 30 min and reperfusion for 30 min resulted in ischemia-reperfusion injury. CF, LVDP, LVDP×HR, ±dp/dt max were recorded during the experiment. The results showed that a certain dose of total extract of Chrysanthemum significantly improved the reduction of LVDP, ±dP/dtmax, LVDP×HR, and CF after ischemia-reperfusion; total extract of Chrysanthemum also significantly inhibited the myocardium induced by ischemia-reperfusion The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased.
The Langendorff rat heart perfusion experiment was performed on the part of different solvent extracts that had the greatest effect on myocardial contractility and CF intensity, and the heart was stopped for 30 min. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced after 30 min of re-irrigation. The results also proved that this part can significantly inhibit the reduction of CF and myocardial contractility parameters LVDP, ±dP/dtmax, and LVDP×HR after ischemia-reperfusion, indicating that this part still has significant resistance. Myocardial ischemia.
3. The effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract on the decrease of myocardial contractility induced by hypoxia
Single ventricular myocytes were enzymatically digested to observe the effects of Chrysanthemum extract against hypoxia/reoxygenation on cardiomyocytes. The results showed that in the hypoxic/reoxygenation group, ± dL/dtmax and dL were significantly decreased after 5 min of hypoxia (P <0.05), but there was no significant effect on LO (P> 0.05); ± 1 dL/dtmax was achieved at 1 min after reoxygenation. Slight recovery of dL and LO, no significant changes in LO, but with the reoxygenation time extended ± dL/dtmax, dL and LO significantly reduced (P <0.05); compared with the pure hypoxia / reoxygenation group, Chrysanthemum can significantly reduce the hypoxia /Reoxygenation inhibited ±dL/dtmax, dL, and LO (P<0.05).
4. The inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract on hypoxia-induced decrease of intracellular calcium
In isolated ventricular myocytes, the changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by electrical stimulation after 1, 3, and 5 minutes of hypoxia were decreased by 22.91%, 32.68%, and 32.87%, respectively, compared with the control; The [Ca2+]i amplitudes at reoxygenation 1, 3, 5, and 10 min were 76.04% and 84.46% of the control, respectively. 86.41% and 85.25%, compared with the pure hypoxia/reoxygenation group, the concentration of [Ca2+]i induced by electrical stimulation at 1,3, and 5 min after hypoxia was different from that of the control. 4.6%, 5.7%, and 8.4% decrease, and the [Ca2+]i amplitudes at reoxygenation 1, 3.5.10 min were 91.7%, 97.6%, 100.3%, and 99.6% of the control, respectively, which were significantly higher than those at the same time. / Reoxygenation group. Therefore, hypoxia can cause a decrease in free calcium ion concentration in myocardial cells, while Chrysanthemum can significantly inhibit this decrease.
Third, the anti-arrhythmia effect of Chrysanthemum
1. Effect of Chrysanthemum on arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats
Rats were given intraperitoneal (ip) high-dose, low-dose chrysanthemum extract, and physiological saline north and salvia miltiorrhiza injection 4.0 ml/kg (6.0 g/kg) to induce arrhythmia with aconitine 30 μg/kg. The results showed that the high-, low-dose, and Danshen positive control groups of Chrysanthemum morifolium could reduce the frequency of ventricular tachycardia (VT), shorten the duration, significantly delay the appearance of VT, and delay the appearance of ventricular fibrillation (VF). The arrhythmia score was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the dose of anti-white chrysanthemum was smaller than that of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The improvement effect of the above index was greater than that of the Salvia miltiorrhiza group.
2. Chrysanthemum anti-chloroform induced arrhythmia in mice
Mice were given a certain dose of Chrysanthemum, quinidine (30 mg/kg), physiological saline, and then induced arrhythmia with chloroform. Studies have shown that the incidence of VF in the Chrysanthemum group and quinidine group is significantly smaller than that in the saline group, and the transfer rate is significantly higher than that in the saline group. In this experiment, the effect of Chrysanthemum was greater than quinidine. From the above results, Chrysanthemum has a variety of effects on the heart. In the current study, we also found that Chrysanthemum has a significant vasodilating effect on blood vessels. This vasodilatory effect is non-endothelium-dependent, and the specific mechanism is under study. Therefore, Hangbai grape is a potential with good prospects. Hepatic vasoactive drugs.