The Problems in the Solar Greenhouse Production and the Solutions

The solar greenhouse has played a huge role in adjusting the industrial structure, increasing farmers' income and promoting social and economic development. However, with the development of production, some outstanding problems have also emerged and must be highly valued by agricultural technology departments at all levels and by a large number of vegetable farmers. 1. Problems in production 1.1 Soil fertility degradation 1.1.1 Organic matter content decreased. Due to the reduction in the application amount of organic fertilizers and the increase in temperature and moisture in the plastic film, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the bulk density is reduced, and the total porosity is increased. This creates favorable environmental conditions for microbial activity in the soil. Increase, promote the decomposition of soil organic matter, reduce the content of organic matter, it means that the soil fertility decreased. 1.1.2 Severe soil salinization. The cultivation of vegetables in protected areas is a relatively closed system. The amount of soil evaporation is large, and the salt content in the soil moves upward with the water, accumulates on the soil surface, and remains in the cultivated layer soil. Because the environment is confined, irrigation is frequently and massively used in vegetable production. The use of chemical fertilizers caused large changes in the structure of the soil pellets and even destroyed them, resulting in an increase in salt content in the plough layer soil, poor permeability and soil salinization. 1.1.3 Soil acidification. With the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers in vegetable production, especially the use of physiological acid fertilizers, the pH value of soil in cultivated layers of greenhouses is reduced and the soil acidified, resulting in poor growth of vegetables in acidic soils and prone to aluminum toxicity and calcium and magnesium deficiency. . 1.1.4 Unbalanced nutrient supply and demand. According to the content of soil fertilization in the past, the soil in the north is generally nitrogen-deficient, phosphorus-rich and potassium-abundant. However, with the development of the chemical fertilizer industry in recent years and the cultivation of vegetables for many years, there has been a surplus of phosphorus in soil and a serious shortage of potassium, and the concept of potassium in the soil in the north has been broken. At the same time, in the vegetable production, the vegetable growers use nitrogen fertilizer in large quantities, resulting in excessive nitrogen and insufficient potassium fertilizer, which eventually causes the disease resistance and lodging resistance of the vegetables, and the decline in yield and quality. The waste of fertilizer is serious, the proportion of each element is out of balance, and the effect of increasing production is not obvious. 1.2 Impact on the Environment 1.2.1 The pests and diseases have changed. In protected cultivation, the pests and diseases have changed, some diseases and insect pests have been suppressed, and most of the pests and diseases have spread over large areas, such as gray mold, whitefly, and spotted fly. These have become the difficulties and focuses of greenhouse pest prevention and control. 1.2.2 Residual membranes pollute the environment. With the increase of greenhouse vegetable production time, residual film remains in the soil, not only affecting the normal growth of crops in small farming areas, causing inconvenience for normal agricultural activities, and some vegetable farmers burned residual film, resulting in greater environmental pollution . 1.2.3 Pesticides and chemical fertilizers pollute the environment. Due to the unreasonable and large amount of repeated use of banned pesticides and chemical fertilizers, some vegetable farmers caused pollution to vegetables and the environment. 1.3 Influence of vegetables 1.3.1 Yield impact. Improper fertilizer, resulting in soil degradation, so that the soil should be narrow species, so that the adaptability of vegetables to the external conditions deteriorated. Due to the fact that solar greenhouses are highly dependent on external environmental conditions, and because of the continuous greenhouse crops, the occurrence of the same pests and diseases is quite high. If the climate conditions are poor, it is bound to cause a decline in production. 1.3.2 The impact of quality. Due to the reduction in the use of organic fertilizers, the increase in chemical fertilizers, and the unsuitability of hormones and growth regulators in pursuit of yield, the vegetables produced are good-looking, but the vegetables with poor taste are relatively poor, combined with repeated repeated use and improper use of pesticides to contaminate vegetables. Poor quality of vegetables. 1.3.3 Deterioration of field conditions has increased. Film mulching and cultivation in protected areas have changed the ecological conditions in the field, accelerated the whole cropping process of the crops, and increased the crop's cover and impacted the benefits. 2. Solutions and Methods 2.1 Scientific use of fertilizers 2.1.1 Reapply organic fertilizers. For different types and varieties of vegetables, apply organic fertilizer accordingly. In accordance with the standard of 10,000 kg of high-quality farmhouse fertilizer applied per acre, and according to the soil texture changes, using sand or mixed with soil, soil and soil transfer methods to adjust soil properties and porosity, improve soil fertility. 2.1.2 Rationally use chemical fertilizers in accordance with soil fertigation and formula fertilization methods. Establish soil fertigation system to determine soil nutrient content, avoid blind fertilization, and according to the law of different crops need fertilization, put forward appropriate fertilization program to ensure that fertilization according to crop types, varieties, soil types to meet different crops, different periods Fertilizer requirements. 2.1.3 Phosphate and potassium fertilizers are applied in a timely, appropriate, and appropriate manner to decompose and utilize phosphorus and potassium fertilizers that are fixed in the soil, and to avoid repeated use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. 2.2 Overcome soil salinization and acidification. Ensure that the greenhouse has enough leisure time. From summer onwards, the shed film is removed and the ridges are often ridged to allow the soil to fully receive the sunlight while allowing the rainwater to leaching and allowing the groundwater level to drop. Reasonable irrigation, each irrigation should be poured thoroughly, pouring enough, the soil surface salt dilution, reduce salt content, to ensure crop growth. 2.3 Timely control of weeds. Improve the quality of the film, ensure that the film is tightly adhered to the surface of the noodle sheet, leave no gaps, inhibit the growth of weeds, and select different herbicides according to different crops and use them correctly. 2.4 Reasonably adjust the plants. In the growing season, pruning, hanging vines and other measures are carried out to adjust and promote the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. 2.5 Timely control of pests and diseases. According to the principle of "prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control", prevention and control of key pests and diseases will be well done. 2.6 timely recovery of residual film. After harvesting the vegetables, timely clean up the residual film and bring it out of the field to ensure soil permeability and prevent pollution.

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