In recent years, with the expansion of peanut planting area, more and more users have purchased peanut shelling machines. Compared with manual degranulation, this kind of mechanical shelling machine can greatly reduce farmers' labor and save a lot. The manpower has greatly improved the efficiency of work. At present, it has been promoted nationwide and is applicable to peanut planting areas in various regions of the country.
However, there are also many users in the production. Because the correct use and maintenance methods of the peanut sheller are not really mastered, the performance of the peanut sheller is not fully exerted. On the other hand, the preservation method is not appropriate, resulting in peanut shelling. The serious wear of the machine not only causes the poor quality of the threshing of the peanuts, but also the inefficiency, causing unnecessary economic losses to the farmers. In order to maximize the effectiveness of the sheller in the process of using the peanut sheller, today we will bring you a peanut sheller commonly used by northern users, and introduce its use and maintenance technology in detail.
1. Structural features of peanut sheller
Peanut shelling machine, its main structure is: stone machine and shelling machine composed of two parts. The stone removing machine comprises a peanut feeding port, a stone machine specific gravity sorting screen, a primary fan and a drum 1 connected to the shelling device; the shelling machine comprises: a grid strip concave plate, a fine grid strip concave plate, a rotor, an air blowing machine The shelling machine is composed of a specific gravity sorting screen, a discharge port, a secondary fan, and a drum 2. Such a structure has the characteristics of simple and compact, reasonable design, convenient operation, stable performance, safety and reliability, and easy replacement of the screen.
2. How does the peanut sheller work?
Peanut fruit first goes to the stone by the weight of the stone machine. Under the action of the specific gravity sorting sieve, the heavier debris such as stones rises up and is screened out of the machine; the peanut fruit goes down along the gravity machine. .
Peanut fruit is first passed to the stone machine to remove the stone, and then goes down the stone machine to separate the sieve and automatically goes to the feeding machine of the sheller. After the action of the fan, it first falls into the drum 1 and the peanuts go up. Under the collision between the concave plate and the rotor, the shell and the kernel of the peanut are peeled off, and the peeled peanut kernel and the peanut shell are simultaneously dropped through the front sieve hole. When passing through the air passage, the wind blower blows out the wind, and the wind will be of better quality. Most of the light peanut skin is blown out of the machine, and the peanut kernel and a part of the peanut fruit that has not been peeled off are placed in the specific gravity sorting sieve of the sheller. After screening, the peanut kernels are moved upward by the sorting screen. Flow into the sack through the mouth of the mouth. The peanut fruit that has not been peeled off is walked downward by the sorting screen, passes through the discharge channel, flows into the secondary fan, is sent into the inside of the drum 2 by the air blower, and the fine grid strip is subjected to secondary shelling, and then After sorting and sorting by the specific gravity sorting of the sheller, the peanut kernels are lifted up, and the peanut shells are blown out of the machine, and finally the peanuts are completely peeled.
In production, the motor with 6~7 kW of supporting power has a production efficiency of 1500 kg of threshing peanuts per hour.
Three. Use of peanut sheller
1. Dry and wet preparation of peanut before threshing
Peanuts before threshing should meet the appropriate dry and wet standards, ie peanuts should not be too dry or too wet. The peanuts are too dry and the peanut breakage rate is high; too wet, the speed of machine threshing will be slower. Generally, the moisture content of peanuts is about 9%. In the north, peanuts are generally threshed in the winter. In the winter, the peanuts stored in the countryside are generally dry. To achieve the appropriate dry and wet standards, the following methods can be used: evenly spray about 100 kg of peanuts with about 5 kg of warm water. Cover with plastic film for about 10 hours, then dry in the sun for about 1 hour to start threshing.
In other seasons, it takes only about 6 hours to cover with plastic film, and the rest of the operation is the same.
2. Preparation of the machine before peanut threshing
Before threshing, check whether the sheller is placed smoothly, ensure the smooth placement of the peanut sheller, and achieve the purpose of safe operation. Then, check whether the fasteners are tightened, whether the rotating parts are flexible, and whether there are any bearings. The lubricating oil ensures that the fasteners are moderately tight and the rotating part is flexible. If there is no shortage of lubricating oil or insufficient amount of lubricating oil in each bearing, fill it up with oil gun in time to ensure lubrication between the bearings.
Before use, connect the 380 volt three-phase power supply, check the power supply voltage, and the switch must be in the off position.
In order to ensure the safety of the operator, if the three-phase power supply is not connected in the production, the outer casing of the motor must be grounded, that is, the outer casing of the motor is reliably connected to the grounding body, and the three-phase power supply is used in the production. It is not necessary to take additional grounding protection.
Before the peanut sheller is energized, the sheller should be idling a few times to see if the rotation is flexible. If there is a crash, the cause should be identified and the power should be re-energized.
After power-on, test run should be carried out first, pay attention to whether the rotor is turning correctly. After the motor is started, the steering of the rotor should be consistent with the direction indicated on the implement. First idling for a few minutes, observe whether the sheller has abnormal noise, normal operation and gradually stabilized, then the peanuts can be threshed.
3. Selection of screen before threshing
Before the peanut is threshed, the appropriate sieve should be selected according to the size of the peanut kernel. This can greatly improve production efficiency and reduce breakage rate.
In addition, the baffle of the mouth of Renkou should be closed, and the sack should be hung for receiving the peanut fruit after threshing.
4. Preparation for the stone machine
Before the stone machine is turned on, the bottom of the sieve should be covered with peanuts. The bottom of the sieve is covered with peanuts to prevent the peanuts from blowing out of the sieve bottom due to too much wind.
Turn on the power of the stone machine and turn it on for 2 minutes. The stone removing machine in the peanut shelling machine can remove the impurities in the peanut fruit on the one hand; on the other hand, it can give the peanut fruit a power, so that the peanut fruit can automatically enter the feeding hopper by means of power.
One thing that needs to be reminded is that after the stone machine is in normal operation, the peanuts in the stone outlet should not be placed too clean. It is necessary to leave a part of the sieve bottom to prevent the peanut fruit from blowing out of the sieve surface.
5. Operation of peanut sheller
Turn on the power of the sheller. As the motor runs normally, the peanuts in the stone machine are sent to the next “workstationâ€-sheller feed hopper for threshing.
During the operation, the speed of peanuts should be kept even, preferably at a speed of 20-30 kg/min.
After the whole threshing process, the peanut kernels gradually gathered to the vicinity of the mouth of the mouth of the mouth. At this time, the baffle of the mouth of the mouth was closed. The purpose was to temporarily prevent the peanut kernels from flowing out and wait until the peanut kernels on the sieve surface were about 30 cm. When thick, slowly open the barrier plate to make the peanuts flow out. In the production, the opening degree of the baffle plate should be constantly adjusted, so that the peanut kernel behind the baffle plate should flow out as much as possible, and the small peanut fruit with the skin can not flow out, which can improve the quality of threshing.
6. Precautions in use
When peanuts are threshed, the peanuts should be fed evenly and properly. It is absolutely not allowed to mix iron scraps, stones and other debris to prevent the peanuts from breaking or causing mechanical accidents.
In use, the temperature of the motor should not exceed 60 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the bearing should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius, and the cause should be detected and eliminated if the temperature is too high.
When the peanut kernels are broken more, the feeding amount of peanuts should be reduced; when operating, people should not stand on the side of the belt to avoid injury.
Four. Maintenance of peanut sheller
The peanut sheller is conveyed by a V-belt. After the new belt is used for a period of time, the tensile force will gradually elongate and appear slack. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the tension of each transmission belt and the clearance of each mating part, and adjust it in time.
During the operation, always pay attention to whether the speed, sound and temperature of the machine are normal. Every time after removing one type or one day of work, it should be stopped to check whether the bearings are overheated, whether the fastening screws and key pins of various parts are loose. If it is loose, it should be tightened at any time, especially for high-speed parts, such as: Whether the fan blades, especially the lower fan blades, are worn or broken, whether the reinforcing plates for external use of the blades are worn or deformed, and if problems are found, they should be repaired or replaced in time.
For the suspension shaft of the sieve body and all the joints of the joints, it is necessary to check in time whether there is oil shortage and wear, and if it occurs in time, replace it with oil.
After each operation, the bottom of the sieve machine, that is, the hole in the slats, is regularly cleaned with a wire brush.
After the processing season, the machine is inspected once. Check the running and wear of each bearing; check the screen bottom for deformation or cracks; check the wear of the sorting screen. After the inspection, repair the damaged parts to remove dirt and residual peanuts from the machine.
After the peanut sheller is used, the belt is removed and the machine is placed in a dry warehouse for storage. The removed belt should be hung on an indoor wall that is not exposed to the sun.
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