Phalaenopsis is a orchid phalaenopsis genus, native to tropical Asia, butterfly orchids, large-colored, flower-shaped chic, long flowering period, known as "Queen Yanglan." There are more than 40 original species, distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania. They are mostly found in trunks that are 3 to 5 meters away from the ground in wet and misty tropical forests, and on wet rocks that are longer than streams. In Europe, Phalaenopsis is cultivated mainly in greenhouses, with a large amount of production in the Netherlands; in Asia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and China are all rich in Phalaenopsis, mainly exported to Europe and the United States and Japan. Japan is the largest importer of Phalaenopsis in Asia, and the United States and Canada are also major importers of Phalaenopsis.
The Phalaenopsis fine varieties and management techniques are introduced as follows:
I. Phalaenopsis fine varieties
1. Morphological characteristics: Phalaenopsis is perennial grass. Stems short and leaves large. The stem is long and arched. Flowers are large, butterfly-shaped, densely hatched. It has 6 petals in appearance, of which 3 are bracts and 3 are petals. The upper one is the upper one, the two left and right are called the lower one, and the two big ones on the right and left are called petals, and the lower one is changed into a lip. In addition to the changes in plant shape, the lip is also a good feature, most of the butterfly orchid's lip will split into two tentacles like short beard, making it more like a butterfly.
2. The main fine varieties: White series are: 'Snow White' (flower white, pink lips pink), 'Happy Angel' (flower white, yellow and white lips), 'urban girls' (flower white, dark red lips ), 'Spring Angel' (flower pure white), 'Spring Girl' (flower white, lip red), 'western beauty' (flower white, lips rose red).
The red series are: 'Orchid Red', 'Fragrant Beauty' (Flower Pink, Lip pink), 'Qi Qiao Rose' (Flower Pink, Lips Deep Red), 'Queen Strawberry' (Flower Pink with colored stripes , Lips have golden embellishment), 'Wedding feast' (number of flowers, neatly sorted, pink flowers, dark red lips), 'Man sky red' (multi-branched, purple flowers), 'Happy Valentine's Day', etc. .
The yellow series include: 'The Universe's Faith', 'Yellow Lorenzo', 'Taiwan Balla', 'Dream Brother', 'Fantasy', 'Brother Girl', etc.
Special varieties include: 'Ruby', 'Western Spring', 'Western Tiger Head', 'Orchid World', 'Yongchun King', 'Western Magic', 'Guoxiang Tianxiang', 'Happy Songs', 'White Swan' , 'Brothers', 'Alessissa', etc.
Second, the cultivation and management of Phalaenopsis cultivation and management methods are mainly to control the indoor temperature, humidity, light and ventilation and other aspects of the needs, so as to meet the product requirements of potted Phalaenopsis.
1. Temperature Management: Phalaenopsis hi warm, humid and semi-negative environment. The optimum growth temperature is 25°C to 28°C during the day and 18°C ​​to 20°C during the night. When the summer temperature is above 35°C or the winter temperature is below 10°C, the Phalaenopsis grows. If the temperature continues to be low, the roots will stop absorbing water and form physiological water shortages, and the plants will die. Phalaenopsis bud differentiation does not require high temperature, and the temperature is preferably 16°C to 18°C. The temperature management of Phalaenopsis should be different depending on the stage of its growth. Seedlings during the day the highest temperature of 30 °C, the minimum temperature of 21 °C at night is appropriate; seedlings during the daytime maximum temperature of 28 °C, the minimum night temperature of 19 °C is appropriate; large seedlings (flowering plants) during the day the highest temperature of 28 °C, the minimum night temperature of 18 °C is appropriate. If the maximum temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 35°C, Phalaenopsis will be dormant and stop growing; if the temperature is as high as 45°C, leaf rot caused by watering will be observed.
2. Humidity management: In an environment with high humidity, there are no stout bulbs to store water. If the air humidity is low, the leaves are prone to dehydration. Therefore, the cultivation of phalaenopsis is most afraid of air drying and dry air in the greenhouse air humidity is too high or too low, which is not suitable for the growth and blooming of blue plants. The required humidity in the first month of planting should be above 50% in the seedling period, and the required humidity in the whole growing season should be controlled between 60% and 80%. If it exceeds this humidity, try to ventilate the window or use a dehumidifier to adjust.
3. Moisture management: Master the principle of seeing dry see moisture.
Water is sprayed once every 3 days in spring and autumn, once every 2 days in summer and once in 4 to 5 days in winter. In addition, seedlings should be watered with less water, and flowering plants should increase water. Watering time should be summer after the sun goes down. Other seasons should be done in the morning and before the temperature rises.
4. Light management: In general, the amount of light of Phalaenopsis is limited by the extent to which its leaves are not burned. The stronger the light, the better the growth. Suitable for the growth period of light is 5000 to 8000 lux; suitable for low-temperature flowering light is 7000 to 9000 lux; suitable for flowering is 8000 to 12000 lux. The shading rate in the greenhouse should be 60% to 70% from July to August; from 30% to 50% from May to June and September; in winter, shading is not required in principle.
5. Ventilation management: The condition of ventilation in greenhouses directly affects the growth of potted phalaenopsis. Poor ventilation can often lead to the emergence of diseases and insect pests, flowering and budding. Generally, when the room temperature is higher than 28°C, it is necessary to try to open the window for ventilation and ventilation. If necessary, the fan must be started to blow the air. In the winter flowering season, the air should be changed every day or every other day to ensure the smooth growth of the flowering plants.
6. Fertilization management: Chemical fertilizers commonly used in greenhouses include Phosphorus Dihydrogen Nitrate, Compound Fertilizers, and some flower-specific fertilizers. The application method is to add water to 2,000 times the diluted solution and spray it manually or by adding an automatic sprinkler system. According to the different growth stages of Phalaenopsis, the composition of chemical fertilizers should be different. The ratio of fertilizer N, P and K is 20:20:20 for the vegetative growth stage of medium and small seedlings; 7:11 for large seedlings and flowering plants: 27. The interval between fertilization should be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days.
7. Pest control: Common brown spot and soft rot hazards can be used 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times spray. Insect pests are harmed by scale insects and whiteflies. They were sprayed with 2.0% cypermethrin EC 3000 times.
8. Post-harvest treatment: After the flower withered, the stem can be cut off from the base. When the matrix is ​​aged, it should be replaced in time.
The Phalaenopsis fine varieties and management techniques are introduced as follows:
I. Phalaenopsis fine varieties
1. Morphological characteristics: Phalaenopsis is perennial grass. Stems short and leaves large. The stem is long and arched. Flowers are large, butterfly-shaped, densely hatched. It has 6 petals in appearance, of which 3 are bracts and 3 are petals. The upper one is the upper one, the two left and right are called the lower one, and the two big ones on the right and left are called petals, and the lower one is changed into a lip. In addition to the changes in plant shape, the lip is also a good feature, most of the butterfly orchid's lip will split into two tentacles like short beard, making it more like a butterfly.
2. The main fine varieties: White series are: 'Snow White' (flower white, pink lips pink), 'Happy Angel' (flower white, yellow and white lips), 'urban girls' (flower white, dark red lips ), 'Spring Angel' (flower pure white), 'Spring Girl' (flower white, lip red), 'western beauty' (flower white, lips rose red).
The red series are: 'Orchid Red', 'Fragrant Beauty' (Flower Pink, Lip pink), 'Qi Qiao Rose' (Flower Pink, Lips Deep Red), 'Queen Strawberry' (Flower Pink with colored stripes , Lips have golden embellishment), 'Wedding feast' (number of flowers, neatly sorted, pink flowers, dark red lips), 'Man sky red' (multi-branched, purple flowers), 'Happy Valentine's Day', etc. .
The yellow series include: 'The Universe's Faith', 'Yellow Lorenzo', 'Taiwan Balla', 'Dream Brother', 'Fantasy', 'Brother Girl', etc.
Special varieties include: 'Ruby', 'Western Spring', 'Western Tiger Head', 'Orchid World', 'Yongchun King', 'Western Magic', 'Guoxiang Tianxiang', 'Happy Songs', 'White Swan' , 'Brothers', 'Alessissa', etc.
Second, the cultivation and management of Phalaenopsis cultivation and management methods are mainly to control the indoor temperature, humidity, light and ventilation and other aspects of the needs, so as to meet the product requirements of potted Phalaenopsis.
1. Temperature Management: Phalaenopsis hi warm, humid and semi-negative environment. The optimum growth temperature is 25°C to 28°C during the day and 18°C ​​to 20°C during the night. When the summer temperature is above 35°C or the winter temperature is below 10°C, the Phalaenopsis grows. If the temperature continues to be low, the roots will stop absorbing water and form physiological water shortages, and the plants will die. Phalaenopsis bud differentiation does not require high temperature, and the temperature is preferably 16°C to 18°C. The temperature management of Phalaenopsis should be different depending on the stage of its growth. Seedlings during the day the highest temperature of 30 °C, the minimum temperature of 21 °C at night is appropriate; seedlings during the daytime maximum temperature of 28 °C, the minimum night temperature of 19 °C is appropriate; large seedlings (flowering plants) during the day the highest temperature of 28 °C, the minimum night temperature of 18 °C is appropriate. If the maximum temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 35°C, Phalaenopsis will be dormant and stop growing; if the temperature is as high as 45°C, leaf rot caused by watering will be observed.
2. Humidity management: In an environment with high humidity, there are no stout bulbs to store water. If the air humidity is low, the leaves are prone to dehydration. Therefore, the cultivation of phalaenopsis is most afraid of air drying and dry air in the greenhouse air humidity is too high or too low, which is not suitable for the growth and blooming of blue plants. The required humidity in the first month of planting should be above 50% in the seedling period, and the required humidity in the whole growing season should be controlled between 60% and 80%. If it exceeds this humidity, try to ventilate the window or use a dehumidifier to adjust.
3. Moisture management: Master the principle of seeing dry see moisture.
Water is sprayed once every 3 days in spring and autumn, once every 2 days in summer and once in 4 to 5 days in winter. In addition, seedlings should be watered with less water, and flowering plants should increase water. Watering time should be summer after the sun goes down. Other seasons should be done in the morning and before the temperature rises.
4. Light management: In general, the amount of light of Phalaenopsis is limited by the extent to which its leaves are not burned. The stronger the light, the better the growth. Suitable for the growth period of light is 5000 to 8000 lux; suitable for low-temperature flowering light is 7000 to 9000 lux; suitable for flowering is 8000 to 12000 lux. The shading rate in the greenhouse should be 60% to 70% from July to August; from 30% to 50% from May to June and September; in winter, shading is not required in principle.
5. Ventilation management: The condition of ventilation in greenhouses directly affects the growth of potted phalaenopsis. Poor ventilation can often lead to the emergence of diseases and insect pests, flowering and budding. Generally, when the room temperature is higher than 28°C, it is necessary to try to open the window for ventilation and ventilation. If necessary, the fan must be started to blow the air. In the winter flowering season, the air should be changed every day or every other day to ensure the smooth growth of the flowering plants.
6. Fertilization management: Chemical fertilizers commonly used in greenhouses include Phosphorus Dihydrogen Nitrate, Compound Fertilizers, and some flower-specific fertilizers. The application method is to add water to 2,000 times the diluted solution and spray it manually or by adding an automatic sprinkler system. According to the different growth stages of Phalaenopsis, the composition of chemical fertilizers should be different. The ratio of fertilizer N, P and K is 20:20:20 for the vegetative growth stage of medium and small seedlings; 7:11 for large seedlings and flowering plants: 27. The interval between fertilization should be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days.
7. Pest control: Common brown spot and soft rot hazards can be used 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times spray. Insect pests are harmed by scale insects and whiteflies. They were sprayed with 2.0% cypermethrin EC 3000 times.
8. Post-harvest treatment: After the flower withered, the stem can be cut off from the base. When the matrix is ​​aged, it should be replaced in time.
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