In the process of raising sheep, many farmers do not care about sheep pox, think it is a simple skin disease, it will not cause harm to the flock, but in fact sheep pox is very harmful to the flock, the incidence rate is as high as 80% The fatality rate can reach up to 25%~50%. Here are some tips for knowledge about sheep pox.
First, sheep pox characteristics
Sheep pox can be divided into sheep pox and goat pox, sheep pox is caused by sheep pox virus, only occurs in sheep, not in goats and other livestock; goat pox is caused by goat pox virus, only infected with goats, the same group of sheep will not be Infection, in other cases, cases of goat pox are rare.
There are a large number of sheep poxviruses in the skin, mucous membranes, pustules, sputum and nasal mucosa secretions of the diseased sheep, which are mainly transmitted to other sheep through the respiratory tract, and may also be infected through damaged skin and mucous membranes. Feeders, feeding utensils, forages, litter, ectoparasites and mosquitoes can be used as vectors. Sheep are more likely to develop sheep pox than goats, and sheep pox can occur in both large and small sheep. However, lambs have a higher mortality rate and pregnant ewes can have miscarriage. Therefore, this disease will bring a larger Economic losses.
Sheep pox has two peak incidence periods. The first peak incidence period is late winter and early spring. The cold weather, rain, snow, frost, insufficient feed, malnutrition and other factors can all contribute to the disease; the second peak is summer. High temperature and high humidity and mosquitoes and flies are the main causes of this disease.
Second, clinical symptoms
The incubation period of sheep pox averages 6 to 8 days. Only a few sheep in the flock begin to develop, and then gradually spread to the entire flock and even the surrounding flock. In the early stage of the disease, the body temperature will rise to 40 ° C ~ 42 ° C, lack of energy, loss of appetite, visible vaginal mucosa, purulent inflammation. After 1~4 days, the affected sheep will have red spots of different sizes on the skin without hair or hair (such as around the eyes, lips, nose, cheeks, inner limbs, abdomen, tail and breasts, etc.), 1~2 After the day, the papules protrude from the surface of the skin.
As the papules gradually enlarge, they become grayish white or reddish hemispherical bulging nodules. The nodules become blisters in 2~3 days, and the contents of the blisters will gradually increase. Finally, the blisters will become opaque pus. Blisters. After pustule rupture, if there is no secondary infection, it will gradually dry and form suede, and heal after 2~3 weeks. However, a considerable number of sick sheep will have secondary infections, especially in the hot summer, pus and gangrene in the pox area, forming deep ulcers, emitting a foul smell, and eventually dying from sepsis, the mortality rate is as high as 25%~ 50%.
Third, prevention measures
1. Strengthen feeding management
According to the sheep's demand for nutrition, the feed should be proportioned and supplied. In winter and spring, the feed should be properly supplemented to catch the cockroaches and protect the cockroaches. At the same time, pay attention to cold and warm, and in summer, do a good job of ventilation and cooling, and killing mosquitoes. The manure in the sheep house should be cleaned in time, and the sheep house and feeding utensils should be thoroughly disinfected regularly.
2. Avoid introducing sheep from infected areas
And pay attention to observe the health status of the flock when introducing.
3. Vaccination of the flock
This is one of the most direct and effective ways to prevent sheep pox. Sheep pox and goat pox can be cross-formed to protect, so both goats and goats can choose attenuated vaccine against goat pox, and there is another advantage in sheep injection of goat pox vaccine, that is, it is generally not caused by vaccination.
Regardless of the size of the sheep, only the tail or the medial side of the femoral injection of 0.5 ml, 4 to 6 days after the emergence of immunity, the protection period of 1 year. Many sheep farmers reported that they had no effect on the sheep pox vaccine. This situation is likely to be the wrong way of vaccination. The muscle and subcutaneous injection of the sheep pox vaccine has no effect. It must be injected intradermally. Inside the skin, a small blisters on the injection site are considered successful. Pregnant sheep can also be injected with sheep pox vaccine, but must pay attention when catching sheep to avoid mechanical abortion.
4, sick sheep isolation
When sheep flocks appear in the flock, the sick sheep should be isolated in time, and the environment of the sheep house should be thoroughly disinfected. The dead body of the dead sheep should be deeply buried and other harmless treatment. The same group of sheep should be urgently injected with sheep pox immune serum, and the condition is not allowed to use the goat pox attenuated vaccine for emergency immunization.
5, sick sheep treatment
The treatment of sick sheep should be carried out on the basis of strict isolation. The acne on the skin or mucous membranes and lesions can be fully rinsed with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and then disinfected with purple syrup and iodine. When the diseased sheep have more pocks or secondary infections, antibiotics such as penicillin, ceftiofur sodium or sodium sulfadiazine can be used for intramuscular injection, and the diseased sheep can be fed with some clear sputum. Sheep can not be injected with sheep pox vaccine once sheep acne occurs. However, sheep vaccination serum can be injected into sick sheep under conditions, and healthy sheep can also be injected with sheep vaccination immune serum for emergency immunization.
The above is about the introduction of sheep pox, what else do you want to add?
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