Yongji apricot tree has a rich history and a wide range of varieties, making it the largest apricot production base in southern Shanxi and northern China. Known for its early ripening, high quality, and excellent price, the fruit is highly popular and exported to major cities such as Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and other provinces. The demand for its products has always exceeded supply, indicating strong market potential.
With the advent of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the apricot industry faces both challenges and opportunities in the global market. In response, the production of pollution-free and environmentally friendly green fruits has become a growing trend. To meet these standards, strict adherence to the Ministry of Agriculture's green fruit guidelines is essential. This ensures that the fruits are safe, free from contamination, and meet international quality requirements. Therefore, the shift toward green fruit production is not only necessary but also urgent.
This article outlines the technical requirements for producing special early-ripening green apricots. It begins with an overview of the ecological environment requirements for green fruit cultivation. First, the site selection must ensure a clean and healthy environment, with fresh air, clean water, and uncontaminated soil. The area should be located away from industrial zones and busy roads, ideally upwind from such areas. Water sources must meet irrigation standards, and the soil should have proper nutrient levels, good structure, and high fertility.
Environmental quality standards are equally important. Air quality must meet the first-level national standards, particularly for pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Water quality should comply with GB 5084-92, ensuring low levels of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, chloride, and fluoride. Soil standards vary depending on type and depth, but all must remain within safe limits.
Pollution control during the production process is crucial. Green fruits are classified into AA-grade and A-grade. AA-grade requires no synthetic chemicals, while A-grade allows limited use of approved pesticides and fertilizers. Currently, A-grade is more practical and widely adopted.
To prevent pests and diseases, integrated pest management strategies are recommended. Chemical pesticides should be minimized, with preference given to natural and biological alternatives. If necessary, only approved organic or synthetic pesticides may be used, following strict guidelines.
Fertilization should focus on organic manure and microbial fertilizers, with careful attention to application timing and methods. Overuse of chemical fertilizers can increase nitrate levels in the fruit, affecting quality. It is recommended to use formula fertilization, add micronutrients, and limit nitrogen fertilizer. When using limited amounts of synthetic fertilizers like urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, they should be combined with organic and microbial fertilizers at a 1:1 ratio. Application should stop 30 days before harvest.
In terms of production techniques, selecting high-quality seedlings with strong root systems, full buds, and no pests is essential. Planting specific varieties like Golden Sun, Red Feng, New Century, and Qin Wang, which are resistant to frost and high-yielding, is advised. Pollination trees should be planted at a ratio of 4–5:1 to enhance cross-pollination.
Planting density and tree shape play a key role. For standard planting, 44–55 trees per mu (667m²) are recommended, with a "V" shape canopy for better light exposure. Proper planting techniques, including large pits, base fertilizer application, and careful backfilling, are critical for healthy growth.
Pruning is essential for shaping the tree and promoting fruiting. Summer pruning helps control growth, encourage branching, and develop a strong framework. Winter pruning focuses on thinning, cutting back, and renewing branches to maintain balance between growth and fruit production.
Fruit thinning is important to ensure uniform size and quality. Early apricots have a short growth period and high fruit set, so timely thinning—leaving 5–8 cm gaps between fruits—is necessary.
Pest control involves regular monitoring and the use of approved insecticides like imidacloprid, chrysanthemum-based pesticides, and others such as zinc, polyoxin, and agricultural resistance 120. Integrated approaches that minimize chemical use while maintaining crop health are encouraged.
Overall, the production of green apricots requires a comprehensive approach, combining environmental protection, sustainable practices, and modern agricultural techniques to meet both local and international standards.
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