Yongji apricot tree is renowned for its long history and rich variety, making it the largest apricot base in southern Shanxi and northern China. Known for its early maturity, high quality, and excellent market value, the fruit is widely exported to major cities such as Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and other provinces. The demand for Yongji apricots has always exceeded supply, reflecting their popularity and market appeal. With the entry into the WTO, the industry faces both challenges and opportunities in the global market. As a result, the production of pollution-free and environmentally friendly green fruits has become increasingly important.
To meet international standards, the production of green fruits must strictly follow the guidelines set by the Ministry of Agriculture. This includes ensuring that the orchards are not contaminated by environmental factors, thus guaranteeing the safety and quality of the fruit. Therefore, adopting green production practices is essential. This article outlines the technical requirements for producing high-quality, early-ripening green apricots.
Firstly, the ecological environment requirements for green fruit production. The site should be located in an area with clean air, pure water, and non-polluted soil. It should be away from industrial zones and busy roads, or situated upwind of such areas. Water sources must be free from contamination, and the soil should have appropriate nutrient levels, good structure, and high fertility.
Environmental quality standards must also be met. Air quality should meet the first-level national standards, particularly for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and suspended particles. Water quality should comply with irrigation standards, with heavy metal content below specified limits. Soil pollution should also be controlled, with specific limits based on soil type and depth.
Pollution control during the production process is crucial. Green foods are categorized into AA-grade and A-grade. AA-grade requires no synthetic chemicals, while A-grade allows limited use of approved pesticides and fertilizers. Currently, A-grade is more practical for local conditions.
Integrated pest management is essential. Chemical pesticides should be minimized, and plant-based or biological alternatives should be preferred. When necessary, only organic synthetic pesticides can be used following strict guidelines.
Fertilization should focus on organic manure and microbial fertilizers, avoiding excessive chemical inputs. Formula fertilization and micronutrient supplementation are recommended to maintain soil health and fruit quality. Organic and inorganic nitrogen should be balanced at a 1:1 ratio, and chemical fertilizers should be stopped 30 days before harvest.
Secondly, the production techniques for special early-ripening green apricots include selecting high-quality seedlings with strong root systems, thick branches, and full buds. Suitable varieties like Gold Sun, Red Feng, New Century, and Qinwang are recommended for their cold resistance and high yield.
Proper pollination tree ratios (4–5:1) and planting densities (3m spacing for 44–55 trees per mu, or 2m for dense planting with 83–111 trees) are essential. Tree shape should be a "V" shape for better light penetration and growth.
Planting involves digging large pits, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and ensuring proper backfilling. Seedlings should be soaked in water before planting, and the trunk height should be maintained at 70–80cm.
Pruning plays a key role in shaping the tree. Summer pruning helps control the central leader and promote branching. Winter pruning involves cutting, releasing, thinning, and shrinking to maintain balance between growth and fruiting.
Fruit thinning is important to ensure uniform size and quality, with a spacing of 5–8cm between fruits. Pest control involves using safe and effective treatments like imidacloprid, chrysanthemum insecticides, and other approved products.
Overall, adopting these green production techniques ensures sustainable and high-quality apricot cultivation, meeting both domestic and international market demands.
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