Reasonable fertilization can regulate the tree vigor, coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, adjust and prevent years, increase production and improve quality, and is an important part of orchard management. In the production practice for many years, we summed up the three technical points of fruit tree fertilization, namely, "basal fertilizer early, chasing fat, spray fertilizer", is introduced as follows:
1 Early base fertilizer. The best period for Shiji fertilizer is from early September to late November. The sooner the better during this period, the time when the peak of root growth occurs, the roots are easy to heal, new roots are easy to grow, and the fertilizer can be used well. Greatly increase the accumulation of organic nutrients in fruit trees. Basal fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Biogas residue biogas slurry, human waste, hen urine, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow dung, and grass manure can be used. It must be fully decomposed when applied, and it should prevent raw manure from “bite†the roots, earthworms and earthworms. Severe ground pests should also be mixed with the appropriate amount of insects. The minimum amount of organic fertilizer should be used to master the standard of "pound and weigh fruit", and the amount of organic fertilizer should be increased again. The application of organic fertilizer should be carried out in combination with orchard deep turning. The depth should be 60 to 100 cm. The crop stalks, etc., which are difficult to decompose and have a longer fertilizer, should be deeper.
2 skillfully applied topdressing. Fertilizer according to tree vigor to determine the type and amount of fertilizer, Wangshu phosphorus, potash fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer should be less, and should use ammonium bicarbonate nitrogen slightly lower nitrogen fertilizer; weak tree, aging tree is appropriate to increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, can Use urea with higher nitrogen content; in addition to a large number of elements, the topdressing should also pay attention to increase calcium, zinc, boron, iron and other trace elements; production in determining the amount of fertilizer is often combined with the output to consider, generally 100 kg of fruit 0.7 Kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.35 kg of pure phosphorus, and 0.7 kg of pure potassium are suitable. It is advisable to apply emulsifying fertilizer 4 to 5 times a year. The early spring budding fertilizer is also called the pre-flowering fertilizer. It is applied 1 to 2 weeks before germination. The nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used for fruit tree flowering to prepare nutrients, and the old tree, weak tree, and infertile Should pay attention to the former fertilizer, and appropriate increase in the amount, and juvenile tree or spring rain may not be applied in many areas; post-flowering fertilizer is also called stable fruit fertilizer, after flowering to fruiting period can be applied to the main phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, energy Improve the fruit setting rate, promote young fruit development, reduce physiological fruit drop, young tree should pay attention to post-flowering fertilizer and increase the amount; flower bud differentiation fertilizer, generally from the end of May to early June (Fuji standard), some areas often Post-harvest fertilizers are applied at the same time, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the main role is to increase the leaf area, promote carbohydrate synthesis, create conditions for the flower bud differentiation, Da Nian tree must pay attention; fruit expansion fertilizer was applied in early July, with potassium as the fertilizer Mainly, the main role is to accelerate the expansion of young fruit, improve the yield and quality, large trees must be full, otherwise the fruit is small; coloring fertilizer applied in the late fruit growth, the main phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, Da Nian tree can be added later nutrients Insufficient to improve the quality of the fruit. Fertilizer should not be too deep, suitable for 10 to 40 centimeters, not too far or too close to fruit trees, to be applied to the dense roots of fruit trees, the production of fruit trees is generally the projection of the periphery as well. Specifically determine the number of fertilizers, the time and the amount of topdressing should be flexibly grasped according to the actual situation, we must vigorously promote fruit tree nutrition diagnosis and soil testing and formula fertilization, according to local conditions, due to tree fertilization, fruit trees need to prevail, less Shi, Qin Shi, to ensure that not de-fertilizer As a principle.
3 Indifferent foliar fertilizer. Foliar spray fertilizer is simple and fast, and it can quickly supplement the lack of nutrients in the tree. It should be sprayed continuously during the critical period when fruit trees need fertilizer. Fertilizer can be selected from biogas slurry (usually raw liquid), amino acid (400-600 times), photosynthetic Micro-fertilizer (800 to 1000 times), urea (300-fold), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (400 to 600-fold), etc. Foliar spraying after autumn fruit harvest can also increase the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and increase the accumulation of organic nutrients. Production should pay attention to the following aspects: foliar spray fertilizer must be carried out after 3 o'clock in the clear and windless, rainy days can not be applied; the back of the leaf must be sprayed (leaf stomata more than the positive distribution, better absorption); Every 7 to 10 days, once for 2 to 3 times in a cycle; strict concentration, high temperature, rapid evaporation of fertilizer solution and concentrated, the concentration should be smaller, the young leaf concentration should be small, old leaves appropriate Increase the concentration.
Finally, we must remind everyone that the implementation of the three key points of fruit tree fertilization must be done in five combinations: organic and inorganic combinations, NPK combined, a large number of elements and trace elements, combined with basal fertilizer and topdressing, combined with the application of topdressing and root dressing. . Only by combining three points and achieving five combinations can fruit trees truly realize scientific and rational fertilization, and can achieve high yields, stable production, and high quality.
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