Gansu is a province with Chinese herbal medicine resources. In recent years, the Chinese herbal medicine industry has become an important pillar industry for farmers to get rich. The processing and storage of medicinal materials are two important steps in the production of medicinal materials. The processing of medicinal materials can remove impurities and pure medicinal materials in medicinal materials in order to better exert the effects of medicinal materials. The storage of medicinal materials is a reasonable storage and preservation of processed medicinal materials to prevent them. Its deterioration and damage is also an important part of the circulation of medicines. In order to ensure the quality and value of Chinese herbal medicines after mining, this newspaper introduces the storage and processing techniques of common Chinese herbal medicines for reference by the majority of farmers.
Angelica
1. All Angelica, remove impurities, wash, slightly moist, cut into thin slices, dried or low temperature dry. Screen to remove debris.
2. Angelica head: Take the net Angelica, wash, slightly moist, cut 4 to 6 slices (slices) of the roots of Angelica, dry or dry at low temperature. (The root part of the angelica is taken, and the slice is cut longitudinally.) The debris is removed.
3. When returning to the body: remove impurities, wash, run through, remove the roots, take the part of the body (main root), cut into thin slices, dry or dry at low temperature. Screen to remove debris.
4. Angelica tail: remove impurities, wash, run through, take root parts, slice, dry or dry at low temperature.
5. Wine Angelica: Take the angelica tablets, add the quantitative rice wine and mix well, slightly suffocating, after the wine is sucked out, put it in the frying container, heat it with simmer, fry until deep yellow, take out, let cool. Angelica tablets use 10kg of rice wine per 100kg.
6. Sautéed Angelica: Place the earthen flour in a frying container, heat it on medium heat, fry until it is flexible, pour it into the angelica slice, stir fry until the angelica slice is covered with fine soil powder (commonly known as hanging soil), and take it out. Sift the soil powder and let it cool. Angelica tablets use 30kg of earth powder per 100kg.
7. Angelica charcoal take the angelica tablets, set in a frying container, heat with medium heat, fry until the appearance is slightly black, take out, let cool.
Decoction traits: Angelica is a round or round-shaped sheet, the surface is yellowish white, or yellowish brown, flat and cracked, with a light brown ring in the middle, and most brown oil spots, grayish brown around, or gray Brown, cracked. It is soft and fragrant, with a sweet, spicy and slightly bitter taste. The color of the wine angelica is deeper, and occasionally the focal spot is slightly aroma. The surface of the earthen fried angelica is yellow and earthy. Angelica charcoal has a dark brown surface and a grayish-brown cross section. The texture is crisp, the smell is weak, and the smell is astringent.
Quality standard: Angelica water content should not exceed 15.0%. The total ash should not exceed 7.0%. Acid-insoluble ash should not exceed 2.0%. The alcohol extract should not be less than 45.0%.
Codonopsis
First, storage
Gas-adjustment method: adjust the gas composition in the reservoir, that is, to fill nitrogen and carbon dioxide to reduce the oxygen concentration, so that the nitrogen in the reservoir is maintained at 98% or the carbon dioxide is maintained at 45% or more, the breathing is inhibited, the pests are suffocated and died, and the purpose of safe storage is achieved.
Other storage techniques: 1. Infrared heating and drying method: drying the medicinal material with far-infrared rays having a wavelength of 5.6-1000 μm. This method has a fast drying speed, high dehydration efficiency, no pollution, and low cost. 2. Microwave drying: It is dried by high-frequency electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 1m-1mm. This method is faster, more efficient, uniform in heating, less heat absorption, and does not overheat inside to ensure the quality of the medicine. 3. Low temperature refrigeration: storage of medicines below 10 °C is an ideal and safe and effective storage method. In addition to pest control, this method can also alleviate the aging of medicines. 4. Radiation storage: using χ, β, γ ray, this method as a cold treatment method, has a good bactericidal effect, and does not cause changes in product quality and flavor.
Second, the processing method
1. Codonopsis: Take the original medicinal herbs, remove the reed, wash, moisten, cut thick slices, and dry. 2. Rice Codonopsis: Take the rice in the frying pan and heat it to the rice with medium heat. Pour in the ginseng raw slices and fry until the rice is old yellow. Take it out, sieve it out, and let it cool. Codonopsis pilosula uses 20kg of rice per 100kg. 3. Honey Codonopsis: Take the refined honey and dilute with appropriate amount of boiling water, add the ginseng tablets and mix well, stuffy, put the fried pot inside, heat with simmer, fry until yellow brown, remove when not sticky, let cool. Codonopsis pilosula uses 20kg of refined honey per 100kg.
Pieces of traits: Codonopsis pilosula is an elliptical or round-shaped thick piece with a yellow-brown or gray-brown surface, a crack or chrysanthemum pattern, and a pale yellow center in the center. The periphery is yellowish white to yellowish brown with longitudinal wrinkles. Slightly hard or slightly tough, with a special aroma, slightly sweet. Rice Codonopsis has an old yellow surface and Yu Tongsheng’s party. The honey party is shaped like a ginseng piece, with a yellow-brown surface, a lustrous, sweet taste.
Banlangen
Harvest
Summer sowing should be excavated after the frost falls. Ditch the ditch from the side of the raft and dig all the roots out. According to local experience, the quality of Banlangen excavated in late autumn is better than that of spring mining. Therefore, autumn mining should be promoted.
machining
Shake the soil, cut it with a knife between the head and the leaves, dry it, and remove the yellow leaves and impurities, which are the commodity blue roots and the green leaves.
Processing
Pick up impurities, wash, run through, cut thick slices, and dry.
Storage maintenance
Banlangen is generally packed in sacks, each 30-40 kg. Stored in a dry place in the warehouse, the temperature is below 28 °C, and the relative humidity is 65-75%. Commodity safety is 11-13%.
This product is easy to worm, damp and mildew, oil, discoloration, and odor. The moisture-absorbing products are soft, and white or green mildew spots are likely to appear at both ends and the folded sections; the color of the oil-in-oil section is deepened, the oil is spilled, and the smell is lost. Hazardous worms include black skin mites, tinea skin mites, saw grain thieves, longhorn pirates, medicinal materials A, tobacco A, pink spotted glutinous rice, Indian glutinous rice glutinous rice, etc. Empty shells.
During storage, regular inspections should be carried out to find the initial mold, insects, and to dry in time or to kill with aluminum phosphide and methyl bromide. Sealed oxygen and nitrogen-filled curing can be carried out in places where conditions permit.
Suanzaoren
Harvest
When the fruit skin is red in autumn, it is harvested in time and the mature fruit is harvested. It is not advisable to harvest too early, otherwise the seed is immature, the rate of kernel is low, and the quality is poor.
processing methods
When the harvested fruit is fresh, the skin is removed, the jujube is washed with water, and the hard shell is crushed with a special processing machine. The jujube is dried and used for medicinal purposes. Usually 6 kilograms of jujube core can process 1 kilogram of jujube kernel.
Processing method
1. Suanzaoren: Take the original medicine, remove impurities and hard shell, wash and dry. Broken when used.
2. Stir-fried jujube: Take the net jujube, place in the frying container, heat it with a simmer, fry until it swells, have a cracking sound, the color becomes slightly deeper, take out and let cool. Broken when used.
Decoction traits: Suanzaoren is oblate or oblate, 5~9mm long, 5~7mm wide and 3mm thick; the surface is purple-red or purple-brown, smooth and shiny, and some have cracks. One side is relatively flat, with one raised longitudinal line in the middle and slightly convex on the other side; one end is concave, and the other end of the linear seed umbilical has a small convex joint; the seed coat is brittle, the endosperm is white, the cotyledon 2 is light yellow. Oily; slightly gas, light taste. Stir-fried jujube bulges, the surface color is deepened, cracked, and aroma.
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