It is understood that the proportion of wheat fields that are sown in the headwaters after sowing this year accounts for 29.7%, and some of the wheat field soils are cracked, and some of the grasses that are partially watered are heavily weighted. In addition, there has been no effective precipitation in most areas since sowing, and the risk of wheat shortage in winter is greater. On December 3, the Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department of Hebei Province issued the “Technical Recommendations for Wheat Seedlings in Winter in 2018 and Technical Recommendations for Winter and Spring Management in Hebei Provinceâ€. It is required to combine the local conditions and formulate drought prevention plans in a timely manner for possible autumn and winter droughts. Advanced water-saving varieties and high-quality strong gluten varieties are advanced and applicable technical guidance to promote high-quality and high-efficiency production of wheat.
In order to accurately grasp the pre-winter seedling situation of wheat, scientifically judge the production situation, and strive for the initiative of wheat field management, the provincial wheat expert advisory group and the provincial modern agricultural industrial technology system wheat industry innovation team experts on the basis of the previous sub-regional inspection, on November 19 On the 21st, the wheat production in Dacheng District of Shijiazhuang City, Wangdu County of Baoding City, Botou City of Bozhou City, Jing County of Hengshui City, Nanhe County of Xingtai City and Yongnian District of Handan City were investigated. On the basis of analyzing and judging the current wheat seedlings, the investigation team put forward technical recommendations for winter and spring wheat field management.
Current wheat seedling characteristics
During the planting of wheat this fall, the province vigorously promoted wheat water-saving varieties and standardized seeding techniques, and the key technologies such as fine land preparation, hoeing and sowing, and post-sowing repression were implemented, and the high-quality and strong gluten wheat was realized in large-scale planting and order production. There is basically no long-term wheat field in the province, and the main wheat field is growing well. The overall seedlings are better than last year and close to normal years.
a favorable factor
1. The area suitable for broadcasting is increased, and the basic seedlings are reasonable. Before the planting of wheat from September this year, the precipitation in our province was less than normal. The precipitation in most wheat areas was 10-30 mm, which could not meet the demand for water. The wheat-seeking plot generally requires pre-sowing or post-casting of Mengtou water. The area of ​​mulching and pouring of mulch before sowing accounts for 89% of the wheat planting area, effectively improving soil moisture.
As this year's corn harvest is earlier than previous years, combined with good irrigating conditions, the wheat is basically guaranteed to be planted at the right time. The province's suitable planting area is 83.8%, an increase of 16 percentage points over the previous year. .
The agricultural departments of various localities measured the 1000-grain weight and germination rate of wheat seeds in batches before sowing, and proposed suitable seeding rates for different varieties. According to the survey, the number of basic seedlings in the central and southern wheat areas is 230,000-260,000, the basic number of seedlings in the eastern wheat area is 270,000-310,000, and the number of basic seedlings in the northern wheat area is about 320,000.
2. The area of ​​excellent seeds is enlarged and the quality of seeding is improved. The province's water-saving wheat varieties provide more than 27.36 million mu of plantings, an increase of 5.36 million mu. The planting area of ​​high-quality strong gluten wheat continues to increase, and the advantageous areas achieve large-scale planting and order production.
The wheat field, which accounts for 83.9% of the wheat planting area in the province, was tested by soil testing and formulating. 90% of the wheat fields were seed-coated or chemically mixed, and 74.2% of the wheat fields were post-sowed and repressed, both of which were higher than the previous year. Perennial. Due to the implementation of standardized farming techniques, the quality of sowing is generally good, and the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges in wheat fields has been significantly reduced, and various water-saving and fertilizer-saving measures have been popularized.
3. The individual plants are strong and the wheat fields are balanced. Compared with the previous year, the proportion of one type of seedlings increased significantly, and the proportion of second and third types of seedlings decreased significantly. According to the agricultural survey, a type of seedlings accounted for 52%, an increase of 24 percentage points year-on-year; the second type of seedlings accounted for 40%, a year-on-year decrease of 11 percentage points;
The three types of seedlings accounted for 8%, down 13 percentage points year-on-year. The main wheat fields in the province are growing in balance, and the overall seedlings are significantly better than last year, close to normal. The total number of stems in the main wheat field is 750,000-900,000, an increase of 150,000-300,000 year-on-year, and the population is sufficient. The main stem of wheat is 4 leaves and 1 heart to 5 leaves and 1 heart. Most of the leaf axils are stretched together, and the phenomenon of tiller vacancy is less.
According to the survey results of the agricultural technology promotion departments of various cities, the total number of stems per mu of wheat fields in the province was 825,000, an increase of 219,000 over the previous year, which was a normal multi-year; wheat leaf age was 4.8, and the number of stems per plant was 3.2. 3.8 articles were increased by one, 1.3 and 1.4 respectively compared with last year, and the individual quality indicators were all normal preference years.
4. The accumulated temperature of the light is sufficient, and the temperature is warm before winter. Since the winter wheat planting, the average temperature in the winter wheat area of ​​our province is 9-13 °C. Among them, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Handan and Hengshui are partially 1-1.5°C higher than normal, and Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Zhangzhou and Langfang are partially lower at 1-1.7°C, and other regions are close to normal. The accumulated temperature in the wheat area is 450-650 °C·d, including: central and southeastern part of Shijiazhuang, Hengshui Department, southern Zhangzhou, Xingtai and Chongqing are mostly 600-650 °C·d.
Compared with the same period of last year, the accumulated temperature is 30 °C·d. Most of the time, the weather was fine. The total number of sunshine hours was 246-316 hours, with an average of 6-8 hours per day. In the first half of November, there was a short-term illuminating weather. Compared with normal years, the average was slightly more than the previous year, significantly more than last year, sunshine. The situation is good. The recent slow temperature decline and sufficient sunshine are conducive to wheat cold-resistant exercise.
Two disadvantages
1. The area of ​​water poured into the headwater increases, and the soil of some wheat fields is cracked. The proportion of wheat fields that were sown in the headwaters after sowing this year accounted for 29.7%. Among them, some wheat fields are not timely cultivating, and there is no rainfall since sowing. The soil moisture evaporation is large, the soil is severely corroded and the cracks are deep. The wheat roots in the cracks are exposed to the air, running through the air, giving the wheat seedlings Safe wintering brings hidden dangers.
2. Dry and dry in autumn and winter, the risk of wheat shortage in winter is greater. There has been no effective precipitation in most areas since sowing. The average precipitation in the wheat area is 10 mm, which is 70% less than normal. Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Langfang, central and northern Zhangzhou, and Shijiazhuang and Baoding are 10.7-39 mm. The rainfall above 20 mm is mainly distributed in the north of Langfang and the south-central part of Tangshan. Most of the other areas are below 10 mm, and some areas are less than 5 Millimeter.
Most of the central and southern parts are 7-90%, some areas are less than 50%, and most of the northern wheat areas are less than 1-4%. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the overall precipitation in the province in the winter of 2018-2019 (December-February) is less than normal. Among them, the southern region is close to normal and the north-central region is less. The drought in autumn and winter will cause the surface soil moisture in the winter wheat field to deteriorate, especially the poor quality of the soil preparation, the small crushing strength after sowing, the soil cracks and the poor sand holding capacity. The risk of wintering damage is greater.
3. Some plots of grass damage occur heavily. According to the plant protection department's pre-winter base survey in November and this inspection, this year's wheat field diseases and pests are generally lighter than last year, and some of the landfilled grasses are heavily weighted. Among them: sheath blight and root rot are lighter than last year; stem-based rot occurs in individual plots, but the overall area is small; wheat spiders occur in some areas, the density is low; gray planthoppers sporadically; organic fertilizer The large amount of gold worms in the plot is heavier.
The weeds in the wheat field are dominated by the dicotyledon sylvestris, the leeks and the grasses of the grass family. In the investigation, it was found that the weeds were not carried out in the autumn, and the wheat worms were heavier, with 87 plants per square meter and leaf ages of 4-7 tablets. After pouring the head water, there was neither a planing nor a plot to weed the weeds, and the weeds were heavier.
Winter and spring management technical advice
a timely wheat field suppression
After pouring the Mengtou water, the wheat fields with more soil cracks and the poor quality of the soil preparation, the low pressure reduction, the surface of the soil, and the loose soil are required to seize the favorable opportunity before the winter and timely suppress the wheat field. It crushes the slag, bridges the cracks, soils the soil, promotes the development of the root system, and plays the role of soil moisture conservation and wheat seedlings against cold and drought.
Pre-winter repression should be carried out after noon on the sunny day before the soil is frozen to before 16 o'clock in the afternoon, to avoid repression when the surface is too wet, the soil freezes or the leaves are frosty. The suppression should be carried out in one direction, avoiding the two-way back and forth to suppress the damaged wheat seedlings. For the wheat fields that have been frozen, timely planing is carried out, and when the winter surface is suitable, it is recommended to suppress at noon on sunny days.
Two scientifically poured frozen water
In the wheat fields in the middle and southern wheat areas where the quality of the land preparation is good and the soil moisture is sufficient, the frozen water can be not sealed. For poor sand-soil and land preparation, poor soil quality, loose wheat fields, and wheat fields, it is necessary to pour the frozen water in a timely manner to stabilize the soil and ensure the safe wintering of wheat, and create conditions for delaying the management of spring wheat fields. The wheat field in the poor cold-tolerant variety and the wheat in the north-central area should be watered with frozen water.
The time for pouring the frozen water is generally reduced to about 5 °C in the average daily temperature. All localities should fully consider the rotation cycle of the wheat field to ensure that the frozen water is completed before the freezing of the wheat field. The pouring of frozen water should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day. The amount of water to be poured should not be too large. It is advisable to infiltrate all the soil in the same day, and avoid flooding. After watering, it should be timely cut to break the soil compaction, avoid soil cracks, and eliminate weeds in wheat fields.
Three spring water saving
Wheat fields with loose soil and more soil for winter repression can be repressed at appropriate time before and after the regreening period to crush the soil, practise the soil, promote the mites, promote the return to green, and delay the spring fertilizer. A suitable type of wheat field and two types of wheat fields and large-scale wheat fields that cause large populations will delay the first fertilizer management in spring to the late stage of the rise to the jointing stage, and promote the differentiation of tillers and build a reasonable group.
Three types of wheat fields with late sowing and insufficient population should be used for early fertilization and early watering in the spring. It is necessary to carry out shallow slashing in the winter and early spring to increase the temperature and ensure the early growth of the seedlings. Apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer to promote the number of spikes.
All localities should pay close attention to the spring weather changes. Before the arrival of strong cold air, according to the actual situation, choose irrigation, spraying cold-resistant regulators, and chasing quick-acting fertilizers to prevent and control the "cold spring" weather hazard and achieve anti-reverse disaster reduction. Where conditions permit, it is necessary to apply water and fertilizer integrated facilities for water and fertilizer operations to save water, save labor and increase efficiency.
Four pest control
All localities should do a good job in predicting and forecasting harmful organisms, and pay close attention to the occurrence and development of pests such as spider mites, Laodelphax striatellus, stem rot, root rot and sheath blight. After the wheat has returned to green, according to the occurrence of local pests and diseases at the time, select the effective "herbicide + insecticide + fungicide" combination, and combine chemical weeding to carry out "one spray prevention". Wheat fields with a lot of weeds in the wheat fields should be weeded in the winter and early spring.
5 prohibiting livestock indigo
Indigo will reduce the photosynthetic area of ​​wheat plants, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges, aggravating the degree of frost damage and pest and disease infection, and reducing production significantly. All localities must resolutely put an end to the wild wheat fields. (Hebei Agricultural Department)
This article URL: Analysis of wheat seedlings before winter in 2018 in Hebei Province and technical recommendations for winter and spring management
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