Due to the heavy summer rains and the significant temperature fluctuations between day and night in the high-temperature county, it creates an ideal environment for the outbreak and spread of common vegetable diseases and pests. As a result, local vegetable farmers are advised to be vigilant and take proactive measures to protect their crops.
First, in greenhouse and protected vegetable cultivation, several diseases commonly occur. Eggplants are prone to umbilical rot, sunburn, soft rot, powdery mildew, and leaf mold. Cucurbits such as melons often suffer from powdery mildew, downy mildew, stem blight, and viral infections. To manage these issues effectively, farmers should combine proper agricultural practices with scientific chemical control. It's also beneficial to apply foliar fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and timely calcium supplements to strengthen plant resistance and reduce disease incidence.
Common pests in protected areas include the western flower thrips (*Liriomyza sativae*), whiteflies, two-spotted spider mites (*Tetranychus urticae*), aphids, and thrips. For pest management, it is recommended to use physical methods like yellow sticky traps or biological controls such as predatory mites or insecticides based on *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt) to minimize chemical dependency and ensure sustainable farming.
In open field vegetables, the diamondback moth (*Plutella xylostella*), beet armyworm (*Spodoptera exigua*), and cotton bollworm (*Spodoptera litura*) are widespread. During high temperatures, Bt-based biological pesticides are highly effective against the diamondback moth. For the beet armyworm and cotton bollworm, options include 0.36% matrine aqueous solution diluted at 800 times, 5% inhibitor emulsion, or 10% suspension concentrate diluted at 1,500 times. The 15% Dupont product can also be used at 3,500–4,500 times dilution for broad-spectrum control.
Legumes such as beans are particularly vulnerable to pod borer infestations, while rust, leaf mold, powdery mildew, and downy mildew often appear together. Eggplants may also face damage from ladybird beetles, making regular monitoring essential.
Farmers are encouraged to stay updated on weather conditions and adjust their management strategies accordingly. Regular scouting, early intervention, and integrated pest management (IPM) practices will go a long way in maintaining healthy and productive vegetable crops during this challenging season.
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