Purple cabbage originates from the Mediterranean Sea to the coast of the North Sea and has been cultivated in China for a short period of time. Compared with ordinary cabbage, it has a longer growing period, tighter buckwheat, brighter color, better resistance to storage and transport, and good quality. Its production seeds were once purchased in the United States, Japan, Holland and other countries. In recent years, with the development of production, with the increase in the amount of seeds, many units have begun to collect purple cabbage seeds on their own. However, due to improper technical measures and sluggish seed selection, the seed yield of future generations is low, growth is uneven, and ball formation is slow. This has dampened the enthusiasm of farmers to plant and has affected the further development of cultivation and production. For this reason, we have explored the method of purification, rejuvenation and breeding of purple cabbage varieties at the experimental base in Beijing in the past three years and achieved good results.
First, the geographical choice
Purple Cabbage is a cool, cold-tolerant, low-temperature, long-day, cross-pollinated vegetable. Seed-planting plots require flat fertility, convenient irrigation, less pests and diseases, and there are no plots of cabbage, broccoli, and broccoli left in the area within 2000 m.
Second, nursery management
1. Appropriate sowing time in North China, taking the middle-maturing variety “Hong Mu†as an example, is suitable for sowing seedlings in the open field in the middle and early September. The late-maturing varieties need to be appropriately advanced, and the early-maturing varieties are appropriately delayed for sowing.
2. After cultivating the strong purple cabbage, germination can be carried out 3 to 4 days after sowing. After the rainy season has just passed, the temperature is also suitable, and the general seedling condition is good. However, it is necessary to pay attention to nurturing strong seedlings: (1) The true leaves grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the seedlings are planted in a timely manner. The spacing of the rows is (6-8) cm8cm. (2) Pay attention to the changes in temperature to prevent the seedlings from being extremely weak due to high temperatures. (3) Spray pesticides in time to prevent seedlings from being damaged by pests and diseases.
Third, the autumn management technology
When the true leaves grow to 7-8 pieces, the purple cabbage seedlings are planted in the improved Yangshuo or solar greenhouse according to the spacing of 25-30 cm. The purpose is to ensure safe wintering and raise the spring planting seedlings.
1. Before grading soil preparation, every 667m2 of manure, manure or livestock manure is mixed with 3000-4000kg of organic fertilizer, 30-50kg of superphosphate, 100kg of plant ash, and shallow ploughed into the manure.
2. The temperature is controlled at the end of October and the film is buckled. The overwintering period ensures that the temperature is above 15°C during the day and above 5°C at night. On the one hand, we must strictly control the growth of seedlings to prevent overheating of the seedlings. On the other hand, temperature control should not be too low to prevent frostbite or vernalization from being completed ahead of time and early convulsions.
3. Water Management Planting water should be poured enough to recharge the water in a timely manner after slowing the seedlings. Purple cabbage is suitable for growth under humid environmental conditions, and the soil moisture of the seedbed is kept at 70% to 80%.
4. After the winter, the standard purple cabbage grows steadily and slowly in the greenhouse. By mid-March, the plants need to reach more than 20 leaves. The leaves develop, large and thick, the stems are thick, the internodes are short, the roots are well developed, and there are no pests and diseases. It is better to form a small ball with a cohesive heart.
Fourth, colonization management technology
1. 7 to 10 days before planting, the Purple Cabbage in the greenhouse should be regularly ventilated and subjected to low-temperature exercise to promote normal growth after the planting.
2. After the soil was thawed in the middle and late March of the Beijing area, the open land was planted in a timely manner. The plant spacing was 50-60cm50cm, and 2000-2500 plants were planted per 667m2. After planting, because the temperature is still relatively low, after pouring the seedlings, the seedlings are generally no longer watered in the early stage and promote rooting. The easing seedlings enter the bulbous stage. With the rapid increase of the leaf spheres, the number of irrigation should be increased, the amount of irrigation should be increased, and the topdressing of urea should be 10~15kg in combination with watering to promote plant growth and leaf formation. .
3. Select strains, cut the ball. Choose purple, red and bright leaf ball, short stems and discs, small internodes, few outer leaves, early ball, tight ball, no plant diseases and insect pests and fission ball strains, strict elimination of diseases that do not meet the characteristics of this species Hybrid strains. In mid-April and mid-April, a knife was used to cut the cross at the top of the leaf ball to reveal the growing point. Sometimes it was necessary to cut it several times in order to allow the main casket to be withdrawn smoothly.
V. Seed management and harvesting
1. After the convulsions, some scaffolds were set up in the planting strain to prevent the stems from lodging and breaking.
2. Before the flowers are applied, they are topped with fertilizer and regularly spray insecticides. Purple cabbage can not lack water during the flowering period, and the irrigation can be appropriately reduced in the middle and late stages of the scab.
At the beginning of 3.7 months, the pods began to be harvested after they became yellow, and they matured in batches and harvested in time. In North China, the rainy season is coming. After harvesting, it needs to be placed in a dry place and ripened for 3 to 5 days. It is generally divided into 3 to 4 harvests. The three years of practice has proved that using this technology to obtain purple cabbage commercial varieties can fully utilize the winter shed indoor temperature control method, eliminating the possible adverse factors such as freezing, rotten balls, or dryness that may occur in fully planted plants. , save labor and energy. At the same time, it can ensure the purity of commercial species and obtain high yields for seed production.
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