High-Yield Onion Cultivation Techniques
1. Transplanting Seedlings. The best time to transplant onions is usually in mid-July, and early planting is recommended for better growth. Before transplanting, prepare the field by plowing and adding 4,000 kg of organic manure as base fertilizer, along with 30-50 kg of phosphate or compound fertilizer. Create furrows with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 6 cm, with a depth of about 20 cm. This allows for approximately 15,000 plants per mu.
Before planting, carefully dig up the onion seedlings and shake off excess soil. Sort the seedlings based on their size—place larger ones more spaced out and smaller ones slightly closer. When planting, make sure not to bury the growing point (the heart) of the green onions. Proper planting depth helps promote healthy growth and prevents rotting.
2. Field Management. After planting, focus on irrigation, soil cultivation, and top-dressing. During summer, if the weather is not excessively dry, avoid overwatering. Instead, concentrate on weeding and loosening the topsoil to encourage strong root development. As autumn approaches, leaf growth will increase, so watering should be done more frequently. Water early in the morning and late in the evening to maintain consistent moisture in the soil.
In the early stages of growth, cultivate the soil shallowly. As the plants grow, increase the depth of cultivation but avoid covering the leaves or the center of the plant. Minimize damage to the foliage during cultivation. From early August to mid-to-late September, perform four rounds of cultivation. After the first top-dressing, apply a small amount of soil. After the second, add 5 cm of soil. For the third, use 7 cm, and after the fourth, 8 cm. You can also perform additional earthing-up operations depending on the crop's condition.
Top-dressing should be done in combination with watering. Mainly apply nitrogen fertilizer, and supplement with phosphorus and potassium as needed. Typically, apply fertilizer three times in early autumn, during the summer heat, and after the White Dew season. Each application should include 15-20 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu.
3. Pest and Disease Control. To control onion thrips, spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion diluted at 1,500 times. For leaf miners, flood the area with 90% trichlorfon diluted at 1,000 times to kill the larvae. Downy mildew can be managed by spraying 75% chlorothalonil at 800 times dilution. For purple spot disease, use 65% Zineb at 700 times or 65% Kombat Zinc at 600 times. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential to ensure a healthy and high-yield onion crop.
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