There are many breeding methods for flowers, including sowing, cuttings, ramets, layers and grafting. Among them, the method of sowing and breeding is simple, the breeding volume is large, the roots of the seedlings are complete and powerful, and they grow robustly and have a long life span. Different kinds of flowers, because of their seed coat structure and different physiological mechanisms, and so many reasons, the seed germination period is also different, some days can germinate, and some take months or even years. Such as lotus seeds because of impervious seed coat, deeply buried in soil, dormancy up to a thousand years, once the seed coat damage, moisture into the embryo can be immediately germinated. In the cultivation, this long-term dormant seed characteristic will bring inconvenience to sowing seedlings, so artificial germination is needed to shorten the dormancy period of seeds and promote rapid germination. Manually precipitating methods commonly used are:
1, flooding treatment: For the dormant period, easy to germinate seeds such as Bauhinia, Pearl Plum, sowing with warm water (40-60 °C) or cold water soaking 1-2 days, you can directly sow. In addition, increasing the water temperature (such as initial immersion in water at 90°C and allowing it to cool naturally for 24 hours) can soften some of the colloid and waxy seed coats, absorb water, and then germinate.
2. Low-temperature treatment: For the flowers cultivated in open field in the north, some seeds need to be treated at a low temperature (0-10°C) for a certain period of time in order to promote post-harvest and break germination of the embryos. The seeds are mixed with sand with a humidity of 60% (i.e., they are hand-kneaded into a ball, and then released, and then the sand can be dispersed). Then they are put into a plastic bag, and the mouth is tightly fastened, placed in a flower pot, and buried again. Into the 40-60 cm deep exposed ground, the seeds can also be placed in a refrigerator at 3-5 °C for 60-90 days, the seeds will be taken out in spring, can be directly seeded.
3, variable temperature treatment: Some flower seeds such as tassels, peony, peony, etc., have the habit of double dormancy of the radicle and hypocotyl, that is, the radicles need to pass the high temperature of 25-32 °C for 1-2 months or longer In order to break the sprouting roots after dormancy, the hypocotyls are still dormant at this time. It needs to be released at 3-5°C for 1-3 months to release the buds. For such seeds, before sowing, mixed with wet sand, after a certain period of high temperature. Then it is transferred to low temperature to promote seed germination in the short term after sowing.
4. Reasons for not germinating after treatment and matters to be noted in the process of seed treatment: When the seed is treated with water immersion method, the water must be frequently changed so that there is sufficient oxygen in the water, and insufficient oxygen can cause embryo death. In addition, soaking in the water temperature is too high (60-90 °C) time should not be too long, it is best within half an hour to 1 hour, and then make the water temperature as low as 40 °C below, otherwise the embryo is also easy to die. When processing at low temperature, the seeds must be mixed well with the wet sand, and the sand in the treatment is too dry to be easily emerged after sowing. When temperature-changing or freezing treatment is performed, the seedlings are not likely to emerge after sowing due to insufficient time during the high-temperature period or the freezing period.
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