Picking seedlings:
At present, most of the collected river seedlings are planted in natural sea areas, and some plants are also planted artificially indoors.
(1) Preparation before picking
Spring water temperature of about 20 °C, can be picking. If seedlings and seedlings are to be planted in natural sea areas, they must first select the flat intertidal zone in Inner Bay, temporarily impound the impoundment (about 20 centimeters), or use local ponds and crab ponds as temporary pools. Before collecting seedlings, gravel blocks, shells, crushed corals, and vinylon mesh Tablets were uniformly applied as spore attachments in the pool.
(2) Picking
Choose algae, stout, complete leaves, dark brown color, and a large number of Capsules on the leaves. Before use, use seawater to wash cleanly, and then perform dry stimulation. After the surface moisture disappears and irregular wrinkles appear, the vegetables can be evenly placed in the seedling pool, allowing them to naturally loosen and adhere. Usually 20-25 kg fresh vegetables per 667 square meters. Vegetables can be used repeatedly to collect seedlings.
When the vegetables are put in the seedling pool, the algae will quickly absorb the seawater, and the spores will be scattered in a large amount and they will sink and attach. After about one day of germination, they will adhere firmly. After about five days, they will germinate into tiny discs. body.
Seedlings should be taken in the evening on a sunny day, so the temperature is relatively stable and the seedlings are well-seeded. If it is no longer used on the third day after picking, it can be picked up and still dried.
In recent years, many units have used spore water to sprinkling water in the sea area. The method is: put the types of overcast and dry stimulation into a large wooden barrel filled with clean seawater, and stir it continuously with a wooden stick to encourage it to disperse spores in large quantities. Wait until the spore water concentration is observed under the microscope at 100 times. When each field reaches 20-40 spores, the vegetables can be moved into another bucket to continue to sporadically spores. Since G. hirsutum has sporadic spores, several barrels must be prepared. The general spore release time can last more than a day and night. At the same time, the spore water in the barrel is transported to the harvesting site as soon as possible, and spattered directly on the attachment base to allow spores to adhere and germinate. The advantage of spore water is that the spores adhere evenly. And the amount of vegetables used is small, 15 kg of fresh vegetables is enough for every 667 square meters.
The method of artificially collecting seedlings is basically similar to that of collecting seedlings in the natural sea area. First of all, the stimulating vegetables were put into the purified seawater. After 1 hour, they appeared peak discharge. Under a 100-fold microscope, when there are 30-40 spores per field of view, the spore water can be evenly sprayed on the Venilon rope, mesh sheet, or polyethylene rope with the seedling appendage.
The indoor temperature of all artificial seedlings should be controlled at 20°C-25°C, sea water salinity between 19.61 ‰-26.18 ,, illuminance at 3000 lux, and nitrogen fertilizer content at 1 mg/L.
(3) Nursery management
After harvesting the seedlings, we must do a good job of nursery management. In particular, we must timely clean the silt-laden algae covered by the harvester. If the sea conditions are normal, seedlings will generally be visible in about 30 days. If the seawater flows, the seedlings will emerge quickly and the seedlings will also thrive.
Sea area choice:
Jiangyan cultivation sea area can usually be divided into two types: inner bay and shallow sea.
(1) Neiwan type: The cultivation in Neiwan must be flat, with a wide intertidal zone, and the mid- and low-tide zone can be exposed after dry tide, but the drying time should not exceed 2 hours, so as to avoid sunlight exposure for too long, It is harmful to the growth of the river eel. The bottom material is composed of a hard sand and muddy bottom. There are too many soft clays, and the adhering device easily sinks. The water quality is turbid, which results in the lack of light and influences the growth. Small waves, clear water, and smooth flow. There is a certain amount of fresh water injected and the nutrient content is high. The salinity of seawater is in the range of 13.04‰-32.74‰. As long as the temperature of seawater does not freeze in the winter and the sea area does not exceed 35°C in the summer, it can be cultivated.
(2) Shallow-sea type: For cultivation in shallow seas, the water quality should be selected to be more suitable for fertilizers, less wind and waves, water quality clarification, and a depth of more than 1.5 meters after dry tide, that is, the conditions of the cultivation field.
Cultivation methods:
When the seedlings of G. striata grow to more than 5 cm and the water temperature of the sea area drops to about 25°C, seedling cultivation can be dispersed. There are two ways to cultivate the river leeches. One is the intertidal flat cultivation and the second is the deep-water glutinous cultivation. The cultivation method is as follows:
(1) Intertidal flat cultivation
1 Scattered seedling cultivation: In the late autumn and early winter, Jiangxiao seedlings cultivated in spring and summer, with the lowering of the water temperature, the growth rate of the algae body is accelerated. When the algae body is more than 5 centimeters long, the applicator can be transplanted to the finished beach surface. On the cultivation, the distance between each appendage is 30-40 cm and it is arranged in a dish shape for easy management. The dew-dried time on the beach should not exceed 1.5 hours, otherwise it will affect the growth of the river eel. This method is relatively simple, low cost and high yield. In Fujian and Guangdong, generally after 2-3 months of cultivation, the algae can grow to more than 1 meter. In the north, the cultivation of Jiangyan can also reach commercial specifications in June-July. In the fertile waters of the sea, during a production season, more than 100 kilograms of dried products are produced per 667 square meters.
2 Net curtains and seedlings cultivation: In the shallow intertidal flats, select a relatively flat and slightly shallow shoal, and insert 2 small stakes at a certain distance to fix the length of 8 meters wide and 1 meter wide. . The size of the mesh is 15 cm 15 cm, and at the knotted point of the mesh, a cluster of young seedlings is caught. Two ends of the net curtain are tied, and a small bamboo tube with a length of 2-3 meters and a length of 1.2 meters is tied in the middle so that when the tide is receded, the net curtain is affixed to the beach surface, and some of the water in the blister can be absorbed and the air is not exposed. Dry dead. After the high tide, the net curtain surfaced. This cultivation method can produce 150 kg (dry) or more per 667 square meters.
This net curtain is woven with 66 yarns (1123) of Vinylon yarn, 30 net curtains per 667 square meters, about 16.5 kilograms of vinylon threads. Both sides of the net curtain use a polyethylene rope (340) as a float, which requires about 4.5 kg per 667 square meters. Slings generally use extended floats. Small stakes are generally about 1 meter long, and they come in more than half of the mud, usually using pine wood or bamboo.
This method is easy to manage. Generally, it can be checked on the beach after ebb tide, whether there is any damage to the net curtain, or if there is any loosening. It is more convenient to clear the enemy and fertilize.
(2) Sham Shui Po Cultivation
This method is similar to kelp floatation cultivation. The escarpment-cultivated sea area can be carried out in the Inland Bay and can also be expanded to inshore culture. In Shandong aquaculture farm, in May of the same year, kelp seedlings (brown ropes) were used to clamp 3-5 jiangxi seedlings every 10 centimeters and hung on kelp trusses for cultivation. After 3 months of cultivation and management, the number of algae in Jiangyan grew from about 25 cm in length to more than 130 cm, and the production effect was very good.
Sham Shui Po cultivation is an advanced cultivation method. Floating raft structure: Each floating raft has a 28 m-long polyethylene rope (360) on each side of the raft for floating rafts, and a floating bamboo with a diameter of about 10 cm and a length of 2.2 m is tied at each end of the raft 4 meters away. Twenty-five seedling ropes (polyethylene ropes of 314) were tied at the floats at both ends, and the distance was about 14 cm. The seedling rope is placed horizontally and is 20 meters long. Generally, a thin bamboo is tied every 2 meters so that the seedling rope is discharged at equal distances. Floating rafts are tied to stakes at both ends because they are set at the bottom of the sea. In the cultivation process, with the growth of the river pupa, the floating buzzards are subjected to an important increase in buoyancy.
Usually every 10 cm in the seedlings rope clips 1 Jiang jian seedlings, each seedling rope can be clamped 200, the number of seedlings for each floating rake is 20015 = 3,000. This will be calculated in 5 units per 667 square meters, with a practical surface area of ​​200 square meters. There should be a gap between the station and the station for easy management. The total number of seedlings per 667 square meters is around.
Jiang rong is different from kelp in that it grows from the top and the kelp begins to grow. Therefore, sandwiching the seedling in the base or in the middle does not hinder its normal growth. The advantage of using deep-water glutinous cultivation is that it can enable Jiangyan to stay in a sea environment with smooth currents and fertile water for a long period of time. It receives light evenly and obtains rich nutrients. As a result, it grows quickly and has a high yield. Generally, about 200 kg of dry goods are harvested per 667 square meters. .
(3) Mixed culture of fish, shrimp and algae
The Jiangyan seedlings are evenly sowed in the fish and shrimp ponds, which not only enables Jiangyan to absorb inorganic salt and accelerate the growth, but also purify the water quality of ponds, increase dissolved oxygen, facilitate the growth of fish and shrimp, and achieve ecologically sound circulation. This method can be harvested, edge growth, high yield.
Yield increase measures:
(1) Cut and increase production
Using the ecological characteristics of Jiangyan's regenerative ability and appropriate removal of some algal organisms, Jiangyan can still continue to grow and can sprout many new branches. Guangdong Sun Yat-sen University conducted a trial at Zhanjiang Port. It used 40 seedlings of more than 10 centimeters in length and cut only 1 cm of base. About 1 month after cultivation, the algae grew by more than 10 cm, and the yield increase effect was significant. According to the Okazaki Yoshio test in Japan, Jiang Wei was cut into small 12-cm sections for stubborn cultivation. After 15 days, the algae was as long as 30 cm. After 1 month, it was as long as 50 cm. After 2 months, the weight was more than 40 times that of the original body weight. It can be seen that Qijiang River can achieve better yield increase effect. However, it is appropriate to cut the algae body. If more than 2/3 of the algae is removed, the growth rate will be affected.
(2) Fertility increase
Jiangyan grows vigorously in the inner bay where freshwater inflows, while the algae are small in the relatively barren sea area. Therefore, fertilization is an important measure to increase production during the cultivation process. In marine mariculture farms in Shandong, 0.1% ammonium nitrate solution was used to soak algae bodies twice a week for 1 hour each time, resulting in a 14% increase in length and a weight increase of 19% over the control group. The Zhanjiang Fisheries School in Guangdong Province soaks the seedlings before the seedlings in a fertilizer tank with a urea concentration of 0.1% for about 1 week, allowing them to fully absorb the fertilizer and then carry out the seedlings. This will take 1 month. As a result of the cultivation, the result was a 25% increase in production.
(3) Increase production with auxin
The Zhanjiang Fisheries School in Guangdong used ethephon to test the growth of the river eel. The cultivation method was the intertidal zone net curtain cultivation. They treated the algal biomass with 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 300 mg/L ethephon seawater for 4 hours, and then conducted the cultivation tests. The trial period was from January 28 to March 5. The seawater temperature is 13°C-21°C, salinity is 26.18‰-28.8‰, and the test results are best when treated with 200 mg/L, 70% more than the control group, 150 mg/L, 100 mg/L slightly. Poor, but the 300 mg/l group of algae died.
At present, most of the collected river seedlings are planted in natural sea areas, and some plants are also planted artificially indoors.
(1) Preparation before picking
Spring water temperature of about 20 °C, can be picking. If seedlings and seedlings are to be planted in natural sea areas, they must first select the flat intertidal zone in Inner Bay, temporarily impound the impoundment (about 20 centimeters), or use local ponds and crab ponds as temporary pools. Before collecting seedlings, gravel blocks, shells, crushed corals, and vinylon mesh Tablets were uniformly applied as spore attachments in the pool.
(2) Picking
Choose algae, stout, complete leaves, dark brown color, and a large number of Capsules on the leaves. Before use, use seawater to wash cleanly, and then perform dry stimulation. After the surface moisture disappears and irregular wrinkles appear, the vegetables can be evenly placed in the seedling pool, allowing them to naturally loosen and adhere. Usually 20-25 kg fresh vegetables per 667 square meters. Vegetables can be used repeatedly to collect seedlings.
When the vegetables are put in the seedling pool, the algae will quickly absorb the seawater, and the spores will be scattered in a large amount and they will sink and attach. After about one day of germination, they will adhere firmly. After about five days, they will germinate into tiny discs. body.
Seedlings should be taken in the evening on a sunny day, so the temperature is relatively stable and the seedlings are well-seeded. If it is no longer used on the third day after picking, it can be picked up and still dried.
In recent years, many units have used spore water to sprinkling water in the sea area. The method is: put the types of overcast and dry stimulation into a large wooden barrel filled with clean seawater, and stir it continuously with a wooden stick to encourage it to disperse spores in large quantities. Wait until the spore water concentration is observed under the microscope at 100 times. When each field reaches 20-40 spores, the vegetables can be moved into another bucket to continue to sporadically spores. Since G. hirsutum has sporadic spores, several barrels must be prepared. The general spore release time can last more than a day and night. At the same time, the spore water in the barrel is transported to the harvesting site as soon as possible, and spattered directly on the attachment base to allow spores to adhere and germinate. The advantage of spore water is that the spores adhere evenly. And the amount of vegetables used is small, 15 kg of fresh vegetables is enough for every 667 square meters.
The method of artificially collecting seedlings is basically similar to that of collecting seedlings in the natural sea area. First of all, the stimulating vegetables were put into the purified seawater. After 1 hour, they appeared peak discharge. Under a 100-fold microscope, when there are 30-40 spores per field of view, the spore water can be evenly sprayed on the Venilon rope, mesh sheet, or polyethylene rope with the seedling appendage.
The indoor temperature of all artificial seedlings should be controlled at 20°C-25°C, sea water salinity between 19.61 ‰-26.18 ,, illuminance at 3000 lux, and nitrogen fertilizer content at 1 mg/L.
(3) Nursery management
After harvesting the seedlings, we must do a good job of nursery management. In particular, we must timely clean the silt-laden algae covered by the harvester. If the sea conditions are normal, seedlings will generally be visible in about 30 days. If the seawater flows, the seedlings will emerge quickly and the seedlings will also thrive.
Sea area choice:
Jiangyan cultivation sea area can usually be divided into two types: inner bay and shallow sea.
(1) Neiwan type: The cultivation in Neiwan must be flat, with a wide intertidal zone, and the mid- and low-tide zone can be exposed after dry tide, but the drying time should not exceed 2 hours, so as to avoid sunlight exposure for too long, It is harmful to the growth of the river eel. The bottom material is composed of a hard sand and muddy bottom. There are too many soft clays, and the adhering device easily sinks. The water quality is turbid, which results in the lack of light and influences the growth. Small waves, clear water, and smooth flow. There is a certain amount of fresh water injected and the nutrient content is high. The salinity of seawater is in the range of 13.04‰-32.74‰. As long as the temperature of seawater does not freeze in the winter and the sea area does not exceed 35°C in the summer, it can be cultivated.
(2) Shallow-sea type: For cultivation in shallow seas, the water quality should be selected to be more suitable for fertilizers, less wind and waves, water quality clarification, and a depth of more than 1.5 meters after dry tide, that is, the conditions of the cultivation field.
Cultivation methods:
When the seedlings of G. striata grow to more than 5 cm and the water temperature of the sea area drops to about 25°C, seedling cultivation can be dispersed. There are two ways to cultivate the river leeches. One is the intertidal flat cultivation and the second is the deep-water glutinous cultivation. The cultivation method is as follows:
(1) Intertidal flat cultivation
1 Scattered seedling cultivation: In the late autumn and early winter, Jiangxiao seedlings cultivated in spring and summer, with the lowering of the water temperature, the growth rate of the algae body is accelerated. When the algae body is more than 5 centimeters long, the applicator can be transplanted to the finished beach surface. On the cultivation, the distance between each appendage is 30-40 cm and it is arranged in a dish shape for easy management. The dew-dried time on the beach should not exceed 1.5 hours, otherwise it will affect the growth of the river eel. This method is relatively simple, low cost and high yield. In Fujian and Guangdong, generally after 2-3 months of cultivation, the algae can grow to more than 1 meter. In the north, the cultivation of Jiangyan can also reach commercial specifications in June-July. In the fertile waters of the sea, during a production season, more than 100 kilograms of dried products are produced per 667 square meters.
2 Net curtains and seedlings cultivation: In the shallow intertidal flats, select a relatively flat and slightly shallow shoal, and insert 2 small stakes at a certain distance to fix the length of 8 meters wide and 1 meter wide. . The size of the mesh is 15 cm 15 cm, and at the knotted point of the mesh, a cluster of young seedlings is caught. Two ends of the net curtain are tied, and a small bamboo tube with a length of 2-3 meters and a length of 1.2 meters is tied in the middle so that when the tide is receded, the net curtain is affixed to the beach surface, and some of the water in the blister can be absorbed and the air is not exposed. Dry dead. After the high tide, the net curtain surfaced. This cultivation method can produce 150 kg (dry) or more per 667 square meters.
This net curtain is woven with 66 yarns (1123) of Vinylon yarn, 30 net curtains per 667 square meters, about 16.5 kilograms of vinylon threads. Both sides of the net curtain use a polyethylene rope (340) as a float, which requires about 4.5 kg per 667 square meters. Slings generally use extended floats. Small stakes are generally about 1 meter long, and they come in more than half of the mud, usually using pine wood or bamboo.
This method is easy to manage. Generally, it can be checked on the beach after ebb tide, whether there is any damage to the net curtain, or if there is any loosening. It is more convenient to clear the enemy and fertilize.
(2) Sham Shui Po Cultivation
This method is similar to kelp floatation cultivation. The escarpment-cultivated sea area can be carried out in the Inland Bay and can also be expanded to inshore culture. In Shandong aquaculture farm, in May of the same year, kelp seedlings (brown ropes) were used to clamp 3-5 jiangxi seedlings every 10 centimeters and hung on kelp trusses for cultivation. After 3 months of cultivation and management, the number of algae in Jiangyan grew from about 25 cm in length to more than 130 cm, and the production effect was very good.
Sham Shui Po cultivation is an advanced cultivation method. Floating raft structure: Each floating raft has a 28 m-long polyethylene rope (360) on each side of the raft for floating rafts, and a floating bamboo with a diameter of about 10 cm and a length of 2.2 m is tied at each end of the raft 4 meters away. Twenty-five seedling ropes (polyethylene ropes of 314) were tied at the floats at both ends, and the distance was about 14 cm. The seedling rope is placed horizontally and is 20 meters long. Generally, a thin bamboo is tied every 2 meters so that the seedling rope is discharged at equal distances. Floating rafts are tied to stakes at both ends because they are set at the bottom of the sea. In the cultivation process, with the growth of the river pupa, the floating buzzards are subjected to an important increase in buoyancy.
Usually every 10 cm in the seedlings rope clips 1 Jiang jian seedlings, each seedling rope can be clamped 200, the number of seedlings for each floating rake is 20015 = 3,000. This will be calculated in 5 units per 667 square meters, with a practical surface area of ​​200 square meters. There should be a gap between the station and the station for easy management. The total number of seedlings per 667 square meters is around.
Jiang rong is different from kelp in that it grows from the top and the kelp begins to grow. Therefore, sandwiching the seedling in the base or in the middle does not hinder its normal growth. The advantage of using deep-water glutinous cultivation is that it can enable Jiangyan to stay in a sea environment with smooth currents and fertile water for a long period of time. It receives light evenly and obtains rich nutrients. As a result, it grows quickly and has a high yield. Generally, about 200 kg of dry goods are harvested per 667 square meters. .
(3) Mixed culture of fish, shrimp and algae
The Jiangyan seedlings are evenly sowed in the fish and shrimp ponds, which not only enables Jiangyan to absorb inorganic salt and accelerate the growth, but also purify the water quality of ponds, increase dissolved oxygen, facilitate the growth of fish and shrimp, and achieve ecologically sound circulation. This method can be harvested, edge growth, high yield.
Yield increase measures:
(1) Cut and increase production
Using the ecological characteristics of Jiangyan's regenerative ability and appropriate removal of some algal organisms, Jiangyan can still continue to grow and can sprout many new branches. Guangdong Sun Yat-sen University conducted a trial at Zhanjiang Port. It used 40 seedlings of more than 10 centimeters in length and cut only 1 cm of base. About 1 month after cultivation, the algae grew by more than 10 cm, and the yield increase effect was significant. According to the Okazaki Yoshio test in Japan, Jiang Wei was cut into small 12-cm sections for stubborn cultivation. After 15 days, the algae was as long as 30 cm. After 1 month, it was as long as 50 cm. After 2 months, the weight was more than 40 times that of the original body weight. It can be seen that Qijiang River can achieve better yield increase effect. However, it is appropriate to cut the algae body. If more than 2/3 of the algae is removed, the growth rate will be affected.
(2) Fertility increase
Jiangyan grows vigorously in the inner bay where freshwater inflows, while the algae are small in the relatively barren sea area. Therefore, fertilization is an important measure to increase production during the cultivation process. In marine mariculture farms in Shandong, 0.1% ammonium nitrate solution was used to soak algae bodies twice a week for 1 hour each time, resulting in a 14% increase in length and a weight increase of 19% over the control group. The Zhanjiang Fisheries School in Guangdong Province soaks the seedlings before the seedlings in a fertilizer tank with a urea concentration of 0.1% for about 1 week, allowing them to fully absorb the fertilizer and then carry out the seedlings. This will take 1 month. As a result of the cultivation, the result was a 25% increase in production.
(3) Increase production with auxin
The Zhanjiang Fisheries School in Guangdong used ethephon to test the growth of the river eel. The cultivation method was the intertidal zone net curtain cultivation. They treated the algal biomass with 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 300 mg/L ethephon seawater for 4 hours, and then conducted the cultivation tests. The trial period was from January 28 to March 5. The seawater temperature is 13°C-21°C, salinity is 26.18‰-28.8‰, and the test results are best when treated with 200 mg/L, 70% more than the control group, 150 mg/L, 100 mg/L slightly. Poor, but the 300 mg/l group of algae died.
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