Fertilization is a critical step in ensuring high yields of rapeseed, and proper application at each growth stage can significantly improve productivity. Here's a well-structured and detailed guide on how to effectively apply fertilizers throughout the growing season:
1. **Base Fertilization**: Base fertilizer serves as the foundation for high-yield rapeseed and should make up about 60% of the total amount. For plots with medium fertility, it is recommended to apply 2,000–3,000 kg of high-quality organic manure per 667 square meters, along with 50–60 kg of cake fertilizer, 8–10 kg of reduced nitrogen fertilizer, 5–6 kg of phosphorus, 3–5 kg of potassium, and 0.5–1 kg of borax. This ensures a balanced nutrient supply from the start.
2. **Seedling Fertilization**: Early application of seedling fertilizer is important to support vigorous growth. This should account for 10–15% of the total fertilizer. A typical mix includes 500 kg of human waste per 667 square meters, plus 5–7 kg of urea or 10–15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. It’s best to dissolve chemical fertilizers in clean water before applying them to avoid root burn.
3. **Wax Fertilization**: This stage involves using slow-release materials to provide warmth and nutrients. Apply 3,000–4,000 kg of soil compost, 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and 300–500 kg of straw per 667 square meters. Before application, ensure the field is plowed and weeded. Afterward, cover the area with straw and lightly till the soil to incorporate the fertilizer.
4. **Reapplication of Manure**: Reapplying manure is crucial for maintaining strong growth, especially during the autumn and winter months. This should account for about 30% of the total fertilizer. Key steps include revisiting seedlings for additional feeding, applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and adjusting based on crop condition. In areas with poor fertility, two applications are recommended, spaced 10–15 days apart, with the first application 5–7 days earlier than usual.
5. **Late-stage Fertilization**: Late-season fertilization helps maintain plant health and prevent premature senescence. Apply 4–7 kg of urea or 8–10 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters, depending on the seedling condition. Avoid over-fertilizing in fields with strong growth, and focus on weak plants if necessary.
6. **Boron Application**: Brassica napus, particularly hybrid varieties, is sensitive to boron deficiency. Boron should be applied as part of the base fertilizer or through foliar sprays. Use 0.5 kg of borax mixed with 50–75 kg of water, and spray twice during the bud and early flowering stages for optimal results.
7. **Leaf Fertilization**: After flowering, root activity declines, making leaf fertilization an effective way to extend leaf lifespan and increase grain weight. Mix 150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 kg of urea with 50–60 kg of water, and spray 2–3 times. This can also be combined with pesticide applications for efficient disease and pest control.
By following these steps, farmers can optimize nutrient use, enhance plant resilience, and achieve higher rapeseed yields while maintaining soil health and sustainability.
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