In the aftermath of the "512" earthquake, extensive damage and significant losses were inflicted upon both the country and its people. To effectively implement the directives from the Party Central Committee and the State Council regarding earthquake relief efforts, the Ministry of Science and Technology convened a group of experts to compile the *Handbook of Practical Techniques for Earthquake Relief in Rural Areas*. This comprehensive guide includes key technologies such as "vegetable and crop restoration," offering practical solutions to revive agricultural production after the disaster. The following excerpts are provided for reference.
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**Pea Sprouts Production Technology**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Pea sprouts can be grown from sowing to harvest in just 7–10 days. This technique enables the rapid production of fresh sprouted vegetables, helping to meet market demand quickly.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Cultivation Facilities**
- **Protection facilities**: Ordinary plastic greenhouses, shade sheds, or even regular houses can be used if the temperature can be maintained between 15°C and 30°C.
- **Containers and substrates**: Light plastic trays (62 cm × 24 cm × 4 cm) are commonly used for soilless cultivation. Alternatively, tinplate containers can be used, though they are heavier. Substrates often consist of newspaper or other organic materials.
- **Three-dimensional cultivation devices**: Multi-tiered shelves spaced about 40 cm apart can maximize space usage, typically with 4–6 layers. These can be made from angle iron or wooden frames.
- **Other tools**: Sprayers, watering cans, pots, and spoons are essential for irrigation and maintenance.
2. **Pea Seedling Cultivation**
- **Varieties**: Green peas and hemp peas are ideal for sprout production.
- **Seed preparation**: Seeds should be cleaned, washed 2–3 times, and soaked in water for 18–24 hours. After washing again, they are sown in trays at a rate of 0.4–0.5 kg per tray.
- **Germination**: At 18–22°C, germination occurs within 2–3 days. Once seedlings reach 1.5–3 cm in height, they are moved to the growing area.
- **Growth conditions**: Pea sprouts thrive in temperatures between 18–23°C. Watering is done 2–3 times daily.
- **Harvesting**: Harvest when the sprouts are approximately 10 cm tall, focusing on the top leaves.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Address**: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
- **Contact**: Zhang Dechun, Yu Hongjun
- **Phone**: 010-68918797
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**Radish Sprouts Production Technology**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Radish sprouts can be harvested in 7–8 days, making them an efficient option for quick vegetable supply.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Cultivation Facilities**
- In southern regions, greenhouses with shade nets are suitable. Three-dimensional setups use iron racks with 4–5 layers, spaced 20–40 cm apart. Plastic trays (60 cm × 24 cm × 4 cm) are used for planting.
- Additional tools include sprayers, watering cans, and various gardening utensils.
2. **Production Process**
- **Variety selection**: Dahongpao Radish and Zhejiang University Changbai Radish are recommended.
- **Sowing and pregermination**: Seeds are soaked overnight, then sown at a rate of 50–75 g per tray. A layer of paper is placed over the seeds to prevent movement during watering.
- **Environmental control**: Optimal growth temperature is 15–20°C. Humidity should be kept below 70% to prevent mildew. Watering is done twice daily.
- **Disease prevention**: In hot seasons, seedling trays are disinfected in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for over an hour.
- **Harvesting**: Harvest when the leaves are fully developed but still tender.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Address**: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
- **Contact**: Zhang Dechun, Yu Hongjun
- **Phone**: 010-68918797
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**Summer Green Vegetable Plug Seedling Technology**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
This technique accelerates the growth of leafy vegetables, shortening the nursery cycle to ensure timely planting in affected areas, especially in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Gansu.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Nursery site and facility selection**
Choose well-drained, ventilated sites near water sources. Use greenhouses with shade and insect nets to protect against heat and pests.
2. **Plug tray and substrate preparation**
Use 200–288-hole plug trays with a sterile mix of peat and vermiculite (2:1 ratio), plus 2–2.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 1 kg of superphosphate per cubic meter.
3. **Nursery process**
Soak seeds at 15–20°C, then sow once 80% have germinated. Cover with nutrient soil (0.5–1 cm thick).
4. **Environmental management**
Shade nets reduce summer heat. Water only when necessary, avoiding overwatering. Apply 0.2–0.3% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar feeding.
5. **Pest control**
Common pests include aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and blight. Use insecticides like Kungfu, Uranus EC, Bt wettable powder, and others.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Horticulture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Address**: No. 20, Jingju Temple, Chengdu, China
- **Contact**: Chang Wei, Li Zhi
- **Phone**: [Not specified]
- **Email**: mchangweisohu.com
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**Chinese Cabbage Rapid Cultivation Technology**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Chinese cabbage grows quickly and helps increase fresh vegetable supply in the market.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Variety selection**: Suitable varieties include Shanghai April Slow, Nanjing April White, and Wuxi March White.
2. **Sowing methods**: Direct seeding or transplanting. For direct sowing, apply 4–5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer, then plant at 20 cm spacing.
3. **Fertilizer and water management**: Apply urea 1–2 times before harvest, at 5–10 kg per acre. Water immediately after planting.
4. **Pest control**: Control aphids using 40% dimethoate EC or 5% malathion powder. Use insect nets for protection.
5. **Harvesting**: Harvest from 4–5 leaf stage up to full-grown plants.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Address**: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
- **Contact**: Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
- **Phone**: [Not specified]
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**Field Vegetable Field Management and Post-Disaster Replanting Measures**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Strengthen field management and replanting efforts in Sichuan, Chongqing, and southern Shaanxi to restore vegetable production after disasters.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Drainage and flood prevention**: Clear ditches and remove standing water to protect crops.
2. **Replanting**: Plant fast-growing vegetables like cabbage, radish, and spinach to boost market supply.
3. **Fertilization**: Apply urea and compound fertilizers after sunny days to promote recovery.
4. **Use of nets**: Cover with insect-proof and shade nets to improve resistance to weather and pests.
5. **Pest control**: Monitor and treat diseases promptly. Remove diseased plants and reduce humidity.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Address**: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
- **Contact**: Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
- **Phone**: [Not specified]
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**Vegetable Crops Disaster Prevention and Reduction Agricultural Measures**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Reduce earthquake damage and promote vegetable growth.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Field management**: Salvage damaged crops by uprighting, washing, and stabilizing roots.
2. **Spraying**: Apply foliar nutrients like potassium dihydrogen phosphate to restore growth.
3. **Prevention**: Focus on disease and pest control, especially bacterial wilt and blight.
4. **Soil remediation**: For severely damaged fields, clear debris, fill soil, and replace topsoil.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Address**: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing
- **Contact**: Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
- **Phone**: [Not specified]
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**Remedies for Vegetable Production after Earthquake in Longnan Region of Gansu Province**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Help local communities recover from earthquake damage, restore production, and ensure food supply.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Field cleanup**: Remove damaged crops and prepare for replanting.
2. **Timely harvesting and planting**: Harvest ripe vegetables and plant fast-growing species like radish and cabbage.
3. **Facility repair**: Repair greenhouses and cover films to prevent further damage.
4. **Field management**: Apply balanced fertilizers based on crop type.
5. **Pest control**: Spray bactericides and insecticides to prevent disease spread.
6. **Infrastructure improvement**: Upgrade irrigation and drainage systems to support long-term recovery.
**(III) Technical Sources**
- **Institution**: Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- **Contact**: Guo Xiaodong, Jiang Weijie, Yu Hongjun
- **Phone**: 010-68918797
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**Anti-season Cultivation Technology of Alpine Tomato**
**(a) Functions and Uses**
Enable off-season tomato production in high-altitude areas to meet market demands in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Gansu.
**(II) Technical Introduction**
1. **Variety selection**: Use early-maturing, high-yield varieties such as Cooperation 906 and Israel storage-resistant types.
2. **Seed treatment**: Soak seeds in 55°C water for 5–10 minutes, then soak in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes. Sow in 72-hole plug trays.
3. **Fertilizer and water management**: Apply 2000–2500 kg/667 m² of organic fertilizer and 30 kg/667 m² of calcium magnesium phosphate. Fertilize 3–5 times during the growing season.
4. **Pest control**: Treat viral diseases, bacterial wilt, and pests with virus net, streptomycin, and other approved pesticides.
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This detailed guide provides farmers and agricultural workers with practical steps to restore and maintain vegetable production after natural disasters, ensuring food security and economic stability in affected regions.
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