August 7 is Liqiu. From this day onwards, the autumn begins. Since then, the temperature has gradually declined from the hottest, the weather has cooled, the daily temperature has become more and more obvious, the day is still hot, and the night is relatively cool. This year's Liqiu is in the midst of being in a recession. Therefore, in most parts of China, after a period of standing fall, the temperature is usually higher and the air humidity is also higher. From the perspective of agricultural management, the relevant farms are: “Cultivation of Chinese cabbage in the beginning of autumn and picking of new cotton in the summer heatâ€; “Floating radish on the head of radish†shows that the autumn season is a season suitable for planting Chinese cabbage.
Chinese cabbage is usually the main leafy vegetable that is eaten by northerners for half a year. The goal of fertilization is to achieve both the high yield and the high quality. According to the nutritional characteristics of Chinese cabbage, its demand ratio for NPK is 1:0.5:1.2, indicating that its demand for potassium is still greater than the demand for nitrogen. The actual production of vegetables only pays attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and often neglect the balance of potassium fertilizer. Taking into account the fertilization status of Chinese cabbage in recent years, it can be clearly established that there are three principles to be grasped this year.
Principle 1, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. For the high yield of Chinese cabbage, how much nitrogen is appropriate? Production practice shows that the production of 1000 kilograms of fresh vegetables requires about 2.0 kilograms of pure nitrogen to be absorbed from the soil. The production of 10,000 kilograms of fresh vegetables requires a total of 22-25 kilograms of nitrogen. The nitrogen needed for Chinese cabbage can come from soil, organic fertilizer and fertilizer. In the application of large amounts of organic fertilizer under the conditions should be appropriate to reduce the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Applying proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer has a good effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage and is beneficial to photosynthesis. It is the key to achieve high yield of Chinese cabbage. In some remote areas, there may be insufficient supply of nitrogen fertilizer, thin and light leaves, and tough tissues, which will affect not only the yield but also the quality. However, at present, the actual amount of nitrogen applied in production in most regions exceeds the demand. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only results in hypertrophy of the outer leaves of Chinese cabbage, poor package quality, low yield and quality, but also large leaf water content, and impatience of storage after harvest. Perishable, susceptible to pests and diseases in the late growth stage. Therefore, in addition to the appropriate amount, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is also important. During the entire growth period of Chinese cabbage, the amount of nitrogen absorption at different stages is different. The seedling period is very small, accounting for about 2% of the total. During the rosette period, nitrogen increased to about 28%, and the nitrogen uptake during the filling period was the highest, accounting for about 70% of the total. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in divided times, reflecting light weight and heavy weight. The Chinese cabbage has a long growing period. Fertilizer management should be applied to the base fertilizer. In the old vegetable fields, soil fertility is high, and organic fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate amount. The nutrient composition of chemical compound fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium. In the new vegetable plots, it is necessary to re-apply organic fertilizers with the application of ternary compound fertilizers, but also pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers and potash fertilizers. In top-dressing applications, Chinese cabbage must control water-control fertilizers (mainly nitrogen-controlling) from the seedling stage to the rehabilitative planting stage. In addition to the special circumstances to raise the seedlings, it is generally necessary to plant seedlings during the rosette period and to use the assimilation organs on the ground (outer leaves). ) Robust growth, and second, to promote root growth and undershoot, lay the foundation for the rapid growth and absorption of nutrients and water in the later period. The first time dressing is at the critical moment of the rosette period. It is advisable to apply topdressing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers at the same time, and at the same time, water and fertilizers enter the heart-filling period. The second topdressing of Chinese cabbage is in the early and middle period of Baoxin, and the main nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed up to two times to control the amount of nitrogen. The application of nitrogen fertilizer was stopped late in the contraction.
Principle two, to increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. The increase of potassium fertilizer in basal fertilizer and top dressing is beneficial to the cabbage's core and disease resistance. Pay attention to the application of potash fertilizer in the top-dressing of the pre-brain. If the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is insufficient during the period of the cabbage package, it will be difficult for the cabbage. At present, potassium fertilizer is often neglected in vegetable production. The appropriate amount of potassium is generally 12 kg per mu of potassium chloride or 16 kg of potassium sulfide. The best method of application is to divide the basal and topdressing fertilizers in two applications. The basal fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the burrows at the time of colonization. The topdressing is performed after the seedlings are terminated in the rosette stage and combined with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation.
Principle 3, we must pay attention to the supply of calcium. The use of calcium superphosphate in the basal diet supplements calcium nutrition, which is beneficial to the prevention of the occurrence of Chinese cabbage "dry heart-burning" disease. Cabbage is a calcium-bearing crop, and calcium deficiency, especially excessive nitrogen application, can easily cause dry heart disease. Controlling nitrogen fertilizer and supplementing calcium nutrition are the core technologies for preventing Chinese cabbage "dry heart" disease. In addition to calcium-containing fertilizers, the calcium supplementation method can also be performed by foliar supplementation, spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride or calcium nitrate.
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