Many fruit growers don’t understand why basal fertilizers are applied in a furrow in autumn. Here, Zhang Zongqin, an associate professor at the College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, answers questions for fruit growers. He said that ditching and fertilization of fruit trees can improve the cultivation layer of the soil, improve the microbial environment, inhibit harmful organisms, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase soil porosity, and make the soil more air-permeable.
Ditching and fertilization will break the root system of fruit trees, which can promote the occurrence of new root systems of fruit trees, promote the absorption of nutrients and water by the tree body, and then accumulate nutrients to ensure the tree body's vigorous growth during the winter and the coming year.
The reporter learned from Professor Zhang that root pruning of fruit trees is not directly pruning the root system, but refers to cutting off part of the root system through ditching and fertilizing to play a pruning role. In daily orchard management, many fruit farmers only rely on tree pruning to adjust tree vigor. In fact, proper root pruning can also play a role in enhancing tree vigor, especially for weak and old trees, and pay more attention to root pruning.
Zhang Zongqin said that in the process of applying basal fertilizer in autumn, part of the root system was damaged by ditching and pruning. If the root system of fruit trees is pruned in a timely and appropriate amount, not only will it not affect the entire tree, but it can inhibit the growth of autumn shoots. The resulting broken roots, due to the high ground temperature, can restore or even exceed the original root growth in a short time. Due to the formation of a large number of newly absorbed roots, the vitality of the entire root system is greatly improved. At the same time, the root system has a storage function, and a large number of new roots can grow, which can increase the nutrient "storage" of the tree.
Professor Zhang Zongqin reminded the majority of fruit farmers that when roots are pruned, the above-ground leaves of the fruit trees should be intact to ensure that enough photosynthetic products are transported to the roots, to provide sufficient nutrient supply for the recovery of damaged roots and the occurrence of new roots, so that the roots vitality is rapid Recovery, enhance the absorption capacity of calcium, phosphorus and other mineral nutrients. In terms of time, root cutting in late autumn and fertilizing in spring are not recommended.
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