The Key to Ecological Agriculture——Microbial Fertilizer——Answering the Confusion of Microbial Fertilizers Xia Xie Yuan Wu Key words: microbial fertilizer type input input-output ratio Abstract:
In recent years, microbial fertilizers (often referred to as bacterial fertilizers) have become popular as a new type of fertilizer, but as a representative of high-tech and ecological fertilizers, many users have different questions and confusions in their use, and they cannot use or use fertilizers. It is well controlled. This article addresses each of these issues in detail and hopes to help growers solve some problems, so that they can master a technology, use a good product, and enrich the people.
First, what is microbial fertilizer? What kind of microbial fertilizers are there?
Microbial fertilizers (often referred to as bacterial fertilizers) refer to microbial products that can provide plants with effective nutrients or prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests, produced by single or multiple specific functional strains, through fermentation processes, and are also known as bacterial fertilizers and microbial agents. The core of microbiological fertilizers is functional microbes (such as "nitrogen-solubilizing, phosphate-releasing and potassium-dissolving bacteria" in microbial fertilizers). Therefore, the function and function of microorganisms are mainly determined by the type and quantity of functional microbes. There are many ways to classify microbial fertilizers. At present, the more common methods are divided into two categories: one is a narrowly defined microbial fertilizer, which refers to the increase in the supply of plant nutrient elements through the life activities of microorganisms, including soil and plant nutrient elements in the production environment. The total supply will lead to improvement of the nutritional status of the plant and increase the yield. Rhizobium and silicate bacterial fertilizers belong to this type of fertilizer. The best-selling products on the market are the microbial fertilizers and mycorrhizas developed and produced by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Company. Zhuang root agent. The other category is a broad-based microbial fertilizer, which means that through the life activities of microorganisms in it, it can not only increase the absorption and utilization of plant nutrient elements, but also antagonize the function of certain pathogenic microorganisms, and reduce crop pests and diseases and promote the increase of crop yield. Straw bioreactors Technology is based on the development of such microorganisms, such as greenhouse warmers is a typical representative of such products.
Second, why use microbial fertilizer? What are the effects of microbial fertilizers?
Before the emphasis on microbial fertilizers, the main fertilizers applied were inorganic fertilizers (fertilizers) and organic farmhouse fertilizers, but with the development and application of modern agricultural technology, it has brought about obvious adverse effects on farmland soils in China. First, the use of chemical fertilizers is increasing year by year. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers (generally only about 35%) and the benefits of chemical fertilizers increase. The second is that the use of pesticides has increased year by year, causing environmental pollution and posing a threat to the safety of agricultural products. Third, the soil fertility has declined. Soil degradation, including desertification, gradually intensifies. Fourth, the deterioration of soil ecological environment and the decline of soil ecological functions. Fifth, China's chemical fertilizer resources are seriously deficient, which poses a serious challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture.
The development and application of microbial fertilizers are of particular importance for the sustainable development of China's agriculture, its improvement and maintenance of soil fertility, transformation of nutrient elements, increase of chemical fertilizer utilization, promotion of crop growth, resistance to soil-borne diseases, environmental purification and ecosystems. The balance plays an important role. We should make full use of and exert the above-mentioned functions of microbial fertilizers to serve the agricultural production and sustainable development of agriculture. At present, the dietary structure of Chinese residents is undergoing major changes, that is, per capita food consumption is decreasing, and the demand for high-quality vegetables, fruits, livestock products and egg and milk products will continue to increase. Therefore, the demand for microbial fertilizers will also increase, which provides a good opportunity for the development of high-quality microbial fertilizers. Microbial fertilizers have gradually become a force for the production of fertilizers in China's national ecological demonstration zones, green and organic agricultural products bases, and are playing an increasingly obvious economic, social and ecological role in agricultural production.
However, there are some misunderstandings or prejudices about the opinions of the community on microbial fertilizers. Some people think that the microbial fertilizer has a high fertilizer efficiency. It is considered as a universal fertilizer, and it even considers that it can replace chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Some people think that bacterial fertilizers have no effect at all, or that nutrient elements in composite fertilizers are insufficient. These two kinds of understanding are one-sided, and the rational use of microbial fertilizers can not only supplement chemical fertilizers, but also reduce environmental pollution and protect the ecological environment. However, it should also be realized that the role of microbial fertilizers should not be expected too high and they cannot be opposed to fertilizer organic fertilizers. The effect of microbial fertilizer production increase depends on certain conditions, such as high-efficiency and reversible strains, strict production conditions, perfect technological process, qualified product quality, scientific application methods, suitable environmental conditions such as soil type, fertility level, The viewpoints of climatic conditions, applicable crops and varieties, etc., arbitrarily exaggerating the scope and effect of their application are all wrong. Microbial fertilizers have the following main functions. First, increase soil fertility, which is one of the main effects of microbial fertilizers. Second, the production of phytohormones stimulates crop growth. Third, biological control of harmful microorganisms has been achieved, and crop diseases have been greatly reduced. Fourth, it improves the resistance of crops. For example, in addition to all the above-mentioned functions, the microbiological fertilizers and greenhouse warmers that have a better market in the market have the effect of increasing the ground temperature in winter and providing carbon dioxide gas fertilizers.
3. When do you use microbial fertilizers, how much do you apply, and how do you fertilize them?
Microbial fertilizers can be used as fertilizers for any fruits and vegetables, crops, seedlings and flowers. They can be used as base fertilizers or top dressings. Base fertilizers are superior to top dressings, and fertilizers are used in various ways. The application amount is due to various product ingredients. There are differences in quality and should be different. In general, the better the product quality, the less the amount of application can achieve good results.
The sooner the microbial fertilizer is applied, the better, so the use of microbiological fertilizers for dressing and rooting (such as corn, watermelon, pepper, tomato, etc.) can often produce miraculous effects. Taking microbiological fertilizer as an example, there are six kinds of application methods: 1. Base fertilizer top dressing: 1-2 kg per acre of bacterial fertilizer, and after being mixed with farm manure, chemical fertilizer or fine soil, ditch application, hole application and spread application can all be applied. 2, Goshen Shi Shi: sapling ring groove, each with 200 grams, adult tree radial groove, each with 0.5-1 kilograms, can be mixed fertilizer application, can also be mixed with soil; 3, roots Irrigation: Use 1-2 kilograms of this product per mu and mix it 3-4 times with water. When transplanting roots or other periods after transplanting, irrigate the roots. 4. Mix seedbed soil: 200-300 g per square meter of seedling soil. Mixed with the seedbed soil and sowed 5, garden pots. Flower lawn, per kilogram of potted soil with this product 10-15 grams of top dressing or base fertilizer 6, flushing: According to different crops, this product is mixed with 1-2 kilograms of chemical fertilizer, diluted with the appropriate amount of water, and then watered with irrigation. . Microbial fertilizers are more effective when the cost can be tolerated.
The application method of microbial fertilizer is stricter than that of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Therefore, attention should be paid to the following: First, avoid long-term use after opening the bag. Fertilizers are applied to the ground as soon as possible after they are bought at home. They should be used up once after opening the bags. After the package bag is opened, other bacteria may be immersed in the bag. No matter whether it is harmful bacteria or harmless bacteria, it will be unfavorable. They may invade the nutrition or space of beneficial functional bacteria, change the microbial flora, and affect its use. effect. The second is to avoid use under conditions of high temperature and drought. High temperatures and droughts affect the survival and reproduction of microbial flora and do not allow fertilizers to perform well. The third is to avoid the use of unripe farmyard fertilizers or excessive acid-base fertilizers. These two kinds of fertilizers will affect the normal functioning of microbial fertilizers due to temperature or pH. The fourth is to avoid simultaneous use of pesticides. Chemical pesticides will inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms to varying degrees, and even kill functional microbes.
4. What is the input-output ratio of microbial fertilizer? Is it cost-effective to use?
The input-output ratio of crops after the correct application of microbial fertilizers is very high, usually at 1:10 or above, and usually only 1-3 kg of microbial fertilizers need to be applied per mu. For example, Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Microbiological Fertilizer is only required for each acre. The following effects can be achieved by applying 1-2 kilograms: (1) Increase production and income. It can increase the output of economic crops by more than 20%, and increase the yield of field crops by 10%. (2) Fertilization. Activate the soil, reduce the fixation or loss of nutrients, improve the soil structure, especially for salt-alkali land, and maintain balanced nutrition and reduce pollution. (3) Strengthen stress resistance. Provide trace elements and stimulating hormone to stimulate growth and development of crop roots and enhance resistance to disease, drought and cold resistance. (4) Early maturing and high yield. The quality is improved, the maturity period is earlier, the fruit waste and the number of defective fruits are greatly reduced, and the product rate rate of finished products is increased (5) Cost reduction and efficiency increase. It can reduce fertilizer use by about 30%, increase fertilizer utilization and reduce costs.
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