One of the common diseases of wheat, sheath blight and sheath blight, generally causes a 10-20% reduction in wheat yield, a severe reduction in production by 50%, and individual crop yields.
1, hazardous symptoms:
(1) Rotten buds: The coleoptile is browned by infestation, and then the rotten buds die and cannot emerge.
(2) Dead seedlings of diseased seedlings: Occurred mainly in the 3-4 leaf stage of wheat. On the first leaf sheath, lesions with central gray and brown edges appeared. In severe cases, dead seedlings could not be produced due to no new leaves.
(3) Flower stem rot stalk: After returning green jointing, the lesion first appeared on the lower leaf sheath, resulting in a gray-streaked lesion with pale gray edges and light brown edges. Multiple lesions were connected to form a moire-like flower stalk.
1 When conditions are appropriate, the lesion expands upwards and extends inwards to the stalk of wheat. On the stalk, there appears a near oval-shaped central taupe, dark brown rim, and slightly pointed “eye-spots†at both ends.
2 When the humidity in the field is high, spider silky white mycelium and yellow-brown sclerotia formed by entanglement of hyphae are seen on the inside of the diseased leaf sheath and on the stem. Sclerotia are similar to rapeseed and easily fall to the ground.
3 Note: The mottled lesions and sclerotia on wheat stems are typical symptoms of the diagnosis and identification of sheath blight.
(4) Lodging: The rot of the stem is apt to fall.
(5) Dry booting: The main culm and the big pods with severe disease often fail to produce spikes, forming a "dry booting spike." Some of them can produce headings, but the seed setting rate is low, and the grains are thin, forming a "dry white ear."
2. Control measures
(1) Agricultural measures: (1) Planting resistant (resistant) varieties; (2) Strengthening cultivation and management: A. High-yielding fields should be increased with organic fertilizer so that the soil organic matter content is greater than 1%; B. Balanced application of N, P, K to avoid large-scale application of N Fertilizer; C, wheat return to green fertilizer should not be too heavy, because the seedlings less chase or do not chase; D, severe disease plots suitable for late sowing, control sowing, a reasonable close planting; E, to do a good wheat "three ditch" supporting; F, Timely weeding to improve the ecological environment in the field.
(2) Chemical control: 1 Seed treatment; 2 Epoxy spray prevention: In the period of returning green joints of wheat, pesticide spraying should be controlled in time according to the development of the disease. The optional agents are: 14% granules per acre (Pentazole, Jinggang A) 40ml, Edo (90% carbendazim + 80% tebuconazole), 43% Fulicu (tebuconazole) 12g , 30% Ai Miao (benzamide-propiconazole) 10-15 ml, 23% (pomoxifen), 40 ml, 12.5% ​​Opo (epoxiconazole) 30 ml, 24% Kang Man Obtained (Tiofuramide) 20ml, Ethanol 80 (tebuconazole) 8g or 6% Fukang (Iron Glucuronide), 30% Bright (Mizone), etc., every 7-10 Heavenly defense 1, even defense 2-3 times.
Emphasize the prevention and control points of wheat sheath blight:
Prevention in the early morning: Seed treatment must be carried out after seeding wheat. Seed treatment is the most effective way to prevent sheath blight and can delay or reduce the occurrence of disease.
The second is to apply drugs early after turning green.
The third is "skillful" fight drugs: the dew does not dry fight drugs, can make the liquid with dew to flow to the base of the stem to ensure control effectiveness.
The fourth is to minimize the use of mist sprayers and increase water consumption appropriately. This is the key to improving control effectiveness.
The fifth is based on the occurrence of insect pests and the appearance of the plant. While controlling sheath blight, it also adds insecticides that control locusts or spiders and functional leaf fertilizers such as Huilongbao to achieve disease prevention, pest control, supplementary nutrition, and enhanced resistance. Conversely, the effect is more effective.
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