Fungal diseases. Currently, six types of pathogens responsible for mango sooty disease have been identified in China. These fungi primarily affect the leaves, shoots, and fruits of mango trees, impairing photosynthesis and reducing the overall quality and appearance of the fruit. The disease is often associated with the presence of sap-sucking insects, which excrete honeydew that promotes fungal growth.
To manage mango sooty disease effectively, several control measures can be implemented. First, proper planting and pruning techniques should be applied to maintain an open and well-ventilated canopy, which helps reduce humidity and limits fungal development. Second, it's essential to monitor and control insect pests such as aphids, scale insects, leafhoppers, and whiteflies. When applying insecticides, adding potassium permanganate diluted at a ratio of 1:1000 can enhance the effectiveness of the treatment and help prevent secondary infections. Third, early intervention with fungicides is crucial. Spraying a 0.5% Bordeaux mixture or a 0.3° Baumé lime sulfur solution during the initial stages of the disease can significantly reduce its spread and impact.
In addition, maintaining good orchard hygiene by removing infected plant debris and ensuring proper drainage can further support long-term disease management. Regular monitoring and timely action are key to preventing severe outbreaks and ensuring healthy mango production.
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