The most absorbed mineral nutrients in potatoes are potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, followed by a small amount of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and trace amounts of iron, boron, zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and sodium. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is different in each growth period of potato, and the seedling stage is very small, accounting for 19%, 17.5%, and 17% of the total, respectively. Demand during the growing period soared, accounting for 56%, 48.5%, and 49% of the total respectively, with stems and leaves mainly allocated, 67%, followed by tubers 33%.
Demand during the tuber formation period accounted for 25%, 34%, and 34% of the total, respectively, mainly tubers, 72%, and stems and leaves 28%. The absorption of calcium, magnesium, and sulfur is very small at the seedling stage, and the absorption rate is also slow. The planting period increases sharply, and then slowly slows down after the potato formation period. The potato absorbs very few trace elements, the tuber yield is 1340 kg / mu, the absorbed copper is 2.9 g, manganese 2.8 g, molybdenum 0.05 g, and zinc 6.6 g.
Most of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required by potatoes are supplied by soil, except for the base fertilizer and top dressing. Generally, for every 1000 kg of tubers produced, 4 to 6 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.66 to 1.85 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 8 to 10 kg of potassium oxide need to be absorbed from the soil.
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