After the spring harvest of *Citrus grandis* is completed, it's essential to implement growth control measures that encourage a compact tree structure, promote branching, and prepare for higher yields in the following season. These techniques not only improve fruit production but also ensure better management of the tree’s overall health. Commonly used methods include:
1. **Pruning Techniques**: After topping or short pruning, during mid-to-late July, cut back the annual branches to 15–25 cm, allowing 2–5 lateral shoots to develop within 20 days. By autumn, these shoots can grow to 10–15 cm, forming strong short shoots that are ideal for future bud development. For overly vigorous plants, a second pruning in mid-July can be done, but avoid removing the central shoot. This practice can increase the number of tree buds by 2–2.5 times and boost yield by 1.5–2 times.
2. **Pingshuo (Flat Pruning)**: For two-year-old seedlings or those transplanted into greenhouses after winter, perform flat pruning by cutting the main stem 15–20 cm above ground level. This method helps control tree height, encourages lateral branching, and promotes renewal of older trees. It should be done before the end of June to allow proper recovery before the growing season.
3. **Chemical Treatments**: Apply 15% paclobutrazol diluted at 200–400 times, starting from late July (late June for mature trees), spraying every 10–15 days for 2–3 applications. Alternatively, use triiodobenzoic acid at 3700–4500 grams per hectare, mixed with 50–70 liters of water, and spray every 15–20 days. Another option is using natural alfalfa extract (one ten-thousandth concentration) combined with Shuofeng 481 liquid and 0.3% fish protein solution, sprayed every 20 days for 2–3 times. These treatments help dwarf the tree, enhance leaf photosynthesis, and improve bud quality.
4. **Root Pruning**: For vigorous young saplings, trim the main root below 30 cm in late June to early July using a sharp spade. This encourages the growth of lateral roots, strengthens the root system, and limits the upward growth of the tree, resulting in a shorter, more robust trunk.
5. **Girdling**: For vigorously growing middle-aged trees, girdle the trunk in mid-to-late May through June by peeling a 1.5–2 cm wide strip of bark without damaging the xylem. This interrupts nutrient flow from the leaves to the roots, slowing shoot growth and promoting dwarfing. It also stimulates the development of lateral and flower buds, increasing the number of branches.
6. **Soil Conditioner Application**: Use a soil conditioner at 200 grams per 100 kg of water, applying it over one acre. This treatment helps loosen the soil up to 50–80 cm deep, improves root development, enhances nutrient absorption, and increases water retention, reducing the need for frequent irrigation.
These practices collectively contribute to healthier, more productive citrus trees while maintaining an optimal balance between growth and fruiting.
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