First, try to cut later
According to the number of winter shearing tasks, reasonable arrangements for winter shearing work, advocate as much as possible to cut at night, to cut trees after the spring to the time before germination. According to research, apple tree rot pathogens also spread the infection hazard in winter. It is well known that mechanical wounds such as sawing mouth are most susceptible to apple rot pathogens. In winter, due to the dormant state of apple trees, coupled with low-temperature freezing weather, the cutting saw activity is poor, and prolonged exposure and non-healing, reducing the ability to resist infection. It is easy to cause the implantation of apple rot pathogens and the disease is harmful. Therefore, it is not appropriate to carry out winter shearing of apple trees in the winter season. After the spring, the apple tree relieves hibernation, the sap flows, the activity of the kerf is enhanced, the healing ability is relatively strong, and the ability to resist disease is enhanced. The apple rot disease is also difficult to infect the weak parasitic bacteria. In summary, this is the reason why the apple tree is cut late.
Second, to clarify the purpose of winter shears and expected results
Through scientific and reasonable winter shears, the tree structure is reasonable, the canopy is ventilated and light-transparent, the tree potential is relatively balanced, the number of flower buds is adjusted, the distribution is adjusted, and the winter shearing of the tree and branch is strengthened. Among them, solving the "lighting" problem of the tree is the main purpose of winter shearing. At the same time, through the winter shears, the expected technical effects of the following three aspects should be achieved: First, the number of main branches (skeleton branches) is relatively small. No matter which tree shape is used, the skeleton branches are reduced as much as possible, and the tree is solved by reducing the number of main branches. The problem of "big" in the body; the second is that the result group should be sparse, rational, strong and healthy, and the result should be turned to low; third, in the growing season, the growth of the tree should be more prosperous. Only by achieving the purpose and effect of the above-mentioned winter shears can we achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency in successive years, in order to prolong the economic life expectancy of apple trees, and to make apple trees "rejuvenate", with more results, good results, less investment, and greater output. , high efficiency.
Third, do the "seven look" before you start cutting the tree
Cut each tree scientifically and reasonably. Before cutting the tree, you may wish to turn around the tree for a few laps, look at the problem and find the crux, and do it in a targeted manner. That is, "Look at the tree shape, look at the balance, look at the tree, look at the tree age, see the branch, see the branch, see the flower bud, and see the management level." Look at the tree shape: look at the original tree shape, determine the target tree shape to be reconstructed, see if the tree tree is empty, whether the tree crown and the result part are moved outward. Second, look at the balance, many trees have aspects of tree potential or imbalance, by looking at, find the crux of the tree imbalance, determine the solution. Seeing the tree potential: The tree has strong, moderate, and weak points. The average length of the annual branches of the canopy is more than 40 cm. The tree is strong, and the average length is 20-40 cm. The tree is moderate, 20 cm or less. The growth of fruit branches or fruit branches is weak, which is manifested by the weak tree (except for the case of excessive paclobutrazol), the principle of light shearing of strong trees, moderate shearing of moderate trees, and shearing of weak trees. Fourth, look at the age of the tree: Generally, the age of the tree is small, and it should be properly cut lightly. Five look at the branch group: whether the distribution is reasonable, the growth potential is weak, and the number is equal. Six look at the flower buds: by looking at the number of flower buds on the tree, it is determined to be the "big year tree" or "small year tree", the transformation of the tree in the big year is greater, and the tree in the young year is lighter. Seven look at the management level: the management level is different, the degree of winter shear is different. The management is extensive, the fertilizer is insufficient, and the degree of winter shear can be heavier. On the contrary, it should be lighter.
Fourth, winter shears should be stable, accurate, and ambiguous, and solve outstanding problems.
“Stableâ€: The overall method of trimming with light shearing and long-term use, otherwise, causing large fluctuations in the tree, it is very difficult to adjust the tree potential. Tree adjustments should be carried out in a planned, step-by-step manner.
"Quasi": The problem of the problem on the tree is accurate. The winter shearing measures should be appropriate, in line with the cultivation and management conditions and the growth and development of the tree.
"ç‹ ": It is necessary to look at the problems existing in the tree. Under the premise of being accurate, it is necessary to increase the adjustment of the winter shears, especially in the first year of the tree transformation, as far as possible in one step, and will not be tolerated, otherwise , causing a big hidden danger.
5. Winter shears should be combined with the growing season pruning
On the basis of winter shearing, measures such as opening, ring stripping, ring carving and summer shearing should be adopted in the growing season to further regulate the tree structure. Therefore, the winter shearing should be adjusted moderately, and the artificial and chemical in the growing season. Control is combined.
Six, pay attention to winter shears
1. Shearing port processing. Try to reduce the number of wounds and reduce the wound area during winter shears. In order to prevent infections such as rot disease and dry rot at the sawing opening, the cutting slash should be protected in time after winter shearing. The specific method is as follows: First, flattening the scalding burrs is beneficial to the healing of the kerf. The second is to apply the protective agent in time, and it can be applied by wound healing. It can also be applied with a mixture of blending paint and one tenth of sulfur powder.
2. Pay attention to the disinfection of the trimming tool. After the hand scissors and the hand saw touch the rot disease and the dry rot, it should be disinfected with 50 times of the nail emulsifiable oil in time, or fired and sterilized.
3. Clean up the orchard. The cut branches should be transported out of the orchard in time, especially the diseased branches, dead branches, and diseased skin. It should be collected in time and away from the orchard. If the dead branches and diseased branches accumulate around the orchard, the growing season is likely to cause the prevalence of rotten fruit disease.
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