First, prepare before planting
Before starting the planting process, it's important to choose a suitable field. Look for white-green purple mud fields that are highly fertile, with a high groundwater level and not previously used for rice cultivation. The plots should be oriented east-west and have a width of 8 meters. This layout helps optimize sunlight exposure and air circulation, which is essential for healthy growth.
During the year, it's recommended to turn the soil early in order to improve its permeability. After spring, the field should be leveled and cut. In mid-January, apply a base fertilizer: 1000 kg of organic manure per acre, along with 60 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 60 kg of superphosphate. Mix in 1 kg of butachlor granules to help control weeds. At the same time, build bamboo sheds with a height of about 2 meters, and fill them with shallow water to create a favorable microclimate for the plants.
Second, post-plant management
For optimal growth, select large, tender, and high-quality piers for planting. A planting density of 85 cm by 50 cm is ideal, resulting in approximately 1350 piers per mu. This spacing ensures enough room for each plant to grow without competition.
Timely coverage is crucial. In late January, cover the field with plastic film until the end of February. During this period, ensure the greenhouse is well sealed. When temperatures rise in mid-March, open the windows for ventilation. By the end of April, remove the film, allowing the plants to be exposed for about 80–85 days to promote stronger growth and better development.
Proper fertilization is key to healthy growth. After planting, apply an early-stage tiller fertilizer using 5–8 kg of urea per mu to encourage rapid leaf development. Combine this with herbicide application to keep the field clean. When the loquat plants reach about 20 cm in height with 3.2 leaves, apply 75 kg of ammonium phosphate, 75 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and 30 kg of vegetable cake to support early tillering. Later, as the plants grow, apply 10 kg of urea, 10 kg of potash, and 30 kg of phosphate per mu to maintain their health and productivity.
Shallow watering is also important. Initially, irrigate the field with shallow water for 4–5 days to stimulate early root development. Then allow the field to dry for 1–2 days before resuming shallow irrigation. This practice helps increase soil temperature and encourages strong root growth. By early April, gradually increase the depth of irrigation to maintain the whiteness and quality of the plants, ensuring they remain marketable.
Pest and disease control is critical. Common pests include large borers and stem borers. Due to the warm and humid conditions inside the shed, these pests can develop quickly, so timely prevention is necessary. In mid-March, spray a mixture of 200 grams of insecticidal soap, 100 grams of triazophos, and 75 kg of water. Repeat this treatment every 25 days or so to prevent infestation and protect the crops.
Finally, timely harvesting is essential. Harvest the plants regularly, ideally once every two days, to maintain quality. When cutting, use a knife carefully to avoid damaging small tillers and axillary buds, which will help the plants regrow more effectively for future harvests.
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