In aquaculture, the application of organic manure is a common practice to enrich pond water and promote the growth of aquatic organisms that serve as natural fish feed. This process involves mixing human and animal manure with an appropriate amount of fresh water before slowly pouring it around the pond. The goal is to increase the nutrient content in the water, which helps cultivate plankton and other microorganisms that form the base of the fish food chain. The frequency and quantity of topdressing depend on factors such as fish species, pond size, water temperature, and overall water quality. It is essential to ensure that the manure is properly fermented and disinfected to prevent disease outbreaks and maintain water clarity.
Another method involves using domestic wastewater as a fertilizer source. This type of waste, generated from household activities or agricultural by-products, contains organic matter that can be beneficial for pond ecosystems. Before applying it to the pond, the wastewater should be allowed to settle so that solid particles can be removed. Once clarified, it is carefully injected into the pond. The application rate varies depending on the concentration of the wastewater. However, since this method can lead to oxygen depletion due to its high turbidity, it is important to avoid deep ponds and regularly monitor dissolved oxygen levels to prevent fish mortality.
A third approach is the composting method, which combines grass, manure, and lime in specific proportions. The materials are layered in a fermentation pit—alternating grass, lime, and manure—until the mixture is fully saturated with water. The pit is then sealed with mud to allow proper decomposition. Once the compost is ready, it is applied to the pond based on the water color and temperature. This method provides a slow-release source of nutrients, supporting long-term productivity without overloading the system.
Lastly, inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are often used in aquaculture. A typical ratio is 1:1:0.5 for these nutrients. Before application, the fertilizers are crushed and dissolved in water, then evenly distributed across the pond. The recommended dosage is approximately 4–5 kg of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers per acre, along with 2–22.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. These inorganic inputs help boost productivity quickly but must be used carefully to avoid imbalances in the aquatic environment.
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