At present, the primary symptom of the disease affecting mushrooms is the appearance of spots on the mushroom caps. This condition is commonly associated with cockroach infestations. To effectively prevent such issues, it's essential to understand the causes and implement proper management strategies.
One common issue is black spot disease, which is caused by the bacterium *Pseudomonas*. Infected mushrooms develop oval, brown or dark brown spots that initially appear as small pinpricks. These spots gradually grow to 2–4 mm in diameter, with clear edges. In severe cases, the cap may crack. To manage this disease, maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels is crucial. When watering the mushroom house, avoid directly spraying water onto the fruiting bodies, especially cold water. The humidity inside the room should not remain above 90% for extended periods. Adjust watering based on weather conditions—water lightly and frequently on sunny days, and reduce or stop watering during rainy days. After each watering, ensure proper ventilation before re-covering the plastic film. The temperature during the fruiting stage should be kept below 17°C. If the disease occurs, remove the affected mushrooms immediately and spray them with either 100–200 units of streptomycin or a solution of 600 times diluted bleaching powder per milliliter.
Another concern is rust spot disease, also caused by *Pseudomonas* species. It affects the mushroom caps, starting as small, needle-like lesions that expand into sesame-sized spots. Although the edges are irregular, these lesions can merge into larger, irregular rust-colored patches. Prevention involves avoiding direct spraying on the fruiting bodies and ensuring good ventilation after watering. The indoor relative humidity should not exceed 95% for long periods. When the surface of the bacterial bag is covered with plastic film, the moisture of the fruit body should be carefully managed and allowed to dry. At the early stages of infection, it’s important to prevent the spread of bacteria to healthy mushrooms. Treat affected areas with a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 800 times or 100–200 units of agricultural streptomycin per milliliter.
By following these practices, growers can significantly reduce the risk of fungal and bacterial infections, ensuring healthier mushroom production. Regular monitoring, proper hygiene, and timely intervention are key to successful mushroom cultivation.
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