Wheat is the main food crop in our city. It has an annual planting area of ​​about 300,000 mu. In recent years, due to the improvement of the planting level, the scientific application of the formula fertilization technology and the promotion of the integrated prevention and control technology of diseases, weeds and weeds, the wheat production has been increasing year by year. With the improvement of water and fertilizer and high-yield conditions, pests and weeds have also undergone corresponding changes. New species have continued to increase, and the degree of harm has become increasingly serious. This poses a serious threat to safe wheat production, and effectively controls the damage of pests and weeds to ensure the sustainable and stable high yield of wheat. The integrated pest prevention technology of wheat is introduced as follows:
The prevention and control of wheat diseases and weeds should be based on prevention, and the policy of plant protection should be comprehensively controlled. Based on agricultural control, other measures should be coordinated to minimize the damage of pests and weeds.
First, the pest control at the sowing stage The main diseases and pests of wheat in the sowing period are six diseases, namely, full-bleeding wheat, sheath blight, root rot, head smut, smut, smut, smut , crickets, golden needles.
1. Disease prevention and control Wheat full-bleeding, sheath blight, and root rot are multiple infections and multiple fungal diseases, mainly in the soil and seeds. Wheat smut and smut are part of the shoot infestation. Dyes and systemic fungal diseases are mainly found in seeds and soil; wheat smut is a fungal disease that occurs during flowering and systemic disease, and is mainly borne by seeds. Its control measures include:
(1) Use disease-free superior species.
(2) Proper sowing: The later the sowing, the longer the infection time and the heavier the disease.
(3) Seed Dressing: Use 25% Coke 10-20g plus 3% Difendan 20-50ml or 2% Riken Seed Seed Dressing Agent 10-15g or Biopharmaceutical Elimination Spirit 100-150g Water 500 ml seed dressing 10 kg. For the purposes of pest control, a 200-mL or 17-% total eclipse seed coating agent (200 mL) can be used to directly coat 10 kg of wheat seed, which can effectively prevent and treat various pests and diseases.
(4) Soil treatment: For the serious land mass of wheat full-bleeding disease, 50% carbendazim and 15% triadimefon, 1 kg mixed soil and 25 kg can be applied evenly to the cultivated land before planting.
2. Pest control (subterranean pests): Mu with 50% phoxim 20 ml or 48% rossib 20 ml watered 500 ml seed dressing 10 kg.
2. Diseases, Insects and Weeds in the Autumn Seedling Stage The major insect pests in the autumn seedling stage are the planthoppers, leafhoppers, earthworms, and earthworms. The main grasshoppers are Bromegrass, Aegilops tauschii, Artemisia vulgaris, Amaranthus, wheatgrass, and swine fever.殃, Mai Jiagong and so on.
1. Timely prevention of planthoppers and leafhoppers on the slopes, and timely investigation of the emergence of earthworms and glutinous wheat. There were 1 plant of Laodelphaxella spp., more than 1 plantation of leafhoppers, more than 5 soil agents, and 50% of acetyl Methamidophos 1000 times or 4.5% of beta-cypermethrin 1000 times or 3% of acetamiprid 2000-3000 times or 10% of imidacloprid 1000-1500 times the spraying head 5-7 meters wide side of the drug or spraying field.
2. Weeds in autumn farms There are two main types of weeds in wheat farms: First, weeds of broomweed, sectioned wheat, and broadleaf weeds. Weeds, leeks, wheatgrass, and bristles. Mai Jiagong and others, all of whom compete with wheat for water and light, seriously affect the normal growth of wheat. Wheat straw autumn governance, small weeds, less medication, low cost, good effect and does not affect other crops, is the best time for the use of drugs, so weeding autumn governance.
(1) Prevention and control time: It is controlled in the 3-6 leaves of winter wheat, 2-5 leaves of weeds, and the temperature is above 10°C. The time is from late October to early November.
(2) Control methods: Mu with 3% Shima 25-30 ml or 70% Tilapia 3 g, plus 10% Benzalonon 10 g water 30 kg uniform spray can effectively control grass and broadleaf weeds.
Third, returning to the jointing stage of disease prevention and replantation of pests and weeds to the joint stage main diseases and weeds are wheat full-blown disease, root rot, sheath blight, Laodelphax striatellus, red spider, wheat leaf bee, underground pests and broad-leaved weeds.
1. Wheat III disease: Plots with root rot and sheath blight disease rates above 15% or severely eroded in the previous year, with 15% triadimem 150-200g or 50% carbendazim 200g 12.5% ​​wolfberry fruit 50 grams of water 50 kilograms Shun ridge sprinkling in the stem base of wheat, severe disease field 7-10 days and then once again.
2.Laodelphax striatellus; after turning green wheat, it is the second peak of the poisoning of Laodelphax striatellus. This period should be investigated in time to reduce the occurrence of bush-dwarf disease. The control method is 10% imidacloprid 10 ml plus 4.5%. Potassium beta-cypermethrin spray 30 ml 30 kg water.
3. Starscream: When wheat has a single row of 33 centimeters and more than 200 red spiders, it is uniformly sprayed with 1.8% abamectin 1.000 or 20% baicalin 1000-1500 or 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times.
4. Wheat leaf bees: when the wheat leaf bee population is more than 30 per square meter, control with 4.5% cypermethrin 1000 times spray, generally do not need to control alone, control wheat aphid can be simultaneous and governance.
5. Underground pests: When the damage rate of wheat exceeds 3%, 50% of phionl emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times or 48% of wormwood emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times or 90% of crystal trichlorfon is used to irrigate and control roots.
6. Spring Broad-leaved Weeds: Before the jointing of wheat, the temperature above 5°C during daytime and 30/m2 or more of broad-leaved weeds in wheat fields need to be removed. The method is to sow M. somnifera-based wheat acres with 18% Yili 5g or 15% Tianshuang 12g or 38% love to 10g or 72% 2.4D butyl ester 40-50 ml water 30 kg foliar spray; The acre based on amaranth is mainly sprayed with 10% Kureka 10g to 30kg of water; the acreage mainly based on hog alum is treated with 5.8% Maixi 5g to spray 30kg of water.
7. Chemical control shrinkage collapse prevention: For high density or prosperous wheat fields, acres can be sprayed Ma Fengan paclobutrazol 40 grams watered 30 kg spray.
IV. Pest control at booting stage This stage is mainly wheat midge, it is a devastating pest, and has four major characteristics: First, shade, it has 11 months in the soil to live in the year; Second, individual small , Body length is only 2-2.5 mm; Third, the harm is large, a wheat ear with three larvae will suck the whole ear; Fourth, the control period is short, only 4-5 days. The prevention and control strategy of midge insects is mainly prevention and control in the flood season, supplemented by adult control. The appropriate period of prevention and control in flood season is April 20-25. The prevention and control index is a length, width, and depth of 101020cm. Samples have more than 2 midge insecticides. Control methods: Use 48% of Los Herbs, 150 ml of mu or 5% of Le Sibu granules. 1 kg or 2% ground granules 800-1600 g or 50% phoxim 250 ml water 1 kg mixed soil 20-25 kg, evenly sprinkled in the wheat field when there is no dew, then watering to improve the control effect .
V. Heading and weed control during the flowering period The main pests and weeds in this period include adult insects of midge, wheat bran, head blight, powdery mildew, scattered smut, grasses and broadleaf weeds.
1. Midge imagoes: After examining wheat ridges before heading and flowering of wheat, one or two plots of adult worms with 2-3 heads of adult midge or 10 meshes with adult worms should be treated in time, and 25% of fast killing spirits should be 1500 times or 25 times. % Huifeng crack 1500 times or 3% acetamiprid 2000 times or 40% Dimethoate 1000 spray.
2. Wheat bran: It has the characteristics of fast breeding and heavy damage. It takes 10-20 generations a year. Climate conditions are suitable for breeding for 4-5 days. It can cause grain thinness and reduce quality. - When using 1000 heads, use 10% imidacloprid WP 25-30g or 50% anti-instar 20g water 30kg spray or 40% dimethoate 600-800 times or 3% acetacin 2000x spray , In order to improve the control effect, any of the above two agents can be mixed, but the amount should be reduced by half.
3. Head blight: Prevention-based, in the wheat heading and flowering period if it is forecast to have more than 3 days of continuous rain and rain should be promptly prevented, mu 50% carbendazim WP 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times or 12.5% ​​pod WP 2000 times spray.
4. Powdery mildew, rust: According to the survey, when the leafy disease rate reaches 20%, the leaf rust disease rate reaches 2% to 4% and the leaf rust disease rate reaches 5-10%. Powder embroidery 1000 times spray.
5. Scattered smut: This disease is a typical species transmission disease, flowering infection, systemic disease, its severity is closely related to the amount of seed germination and the relative humidity of the flowering stage in the previous year, and the relative humidity of wheat at heading and flowering stage is 58. -85%, sufficient bacteria source, can lead to a disease pandemic, otherwise it is light, control methods: In addition to the selection of disease-free superior seed, pesticide seed dressing, 50% carbendazim WP in heading and flowering period 500 times or 70 % thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times spray.
6. Gramineae and broad-leaved weeds: timely removal of residual weeds after manual treatment to prevent grass seeds from falling into the field and continue to harm.
VI. Pest control in grain filling stage The main diseases in this period are comprehensive leaf blight, powdery mildew, and rust. When the diseased plant rate is 15%, use 50% carbendazim WP or 500% or 70% thiophanate-methyl. Wet powder 1000 times 25% powder embroidered 1000 times spray. At the same time, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was added to protect the leaves and increase the weight.
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