Betel nut quality and high yield cultivation techniques

Dengtang Town is located in the northwest of Chaoan County and is a pure agriculture half mountain area town. Shantou has a history of planting. The betel nut has been favored by the majority of farmers because of its unique meat powder, fragrant flavor, high quality, high yield, high commodity value, and good marketability. It has become the main plant variety of Shantou in our town and gradually replaced the original Jiangyan and Wujiao. And other old species. In 2000, the betel planting area in the town has reached 550 mu and the yield per mu is 1750 kg. Its main cultivation techniques are as follows.
First, the bulbs of the cultivated earthworms grow in the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the soil with deep, loose, fertile soil, sandy soil and leeward fields.芋 芋 连 连 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋 芋
Second, soil preparation before the cultivation of the base fertilizer deep-drying the soil whitening, after the soil from the smashing, from the time of uniform application of lime 25 to 30 kilograms per acre. The width is 80 to 100 cm and the ditch is 30 cm. Open a hole Shiji Fei, hole depth of 10 to 12 cm, 50 to 60 kilograms per acre points to apply plant ash. Between the two points Shi bean bran 100 to 150 grams.
Third, select the seedlings to choose the top pheasant is full, complete, the same size, and born in the mother locust in the middle of the pod as a species, each species weighs about 50 grams is appropriate.
4. Planting of late-season rice planting (mid-late to late January). Planting specifications are generally 50 to 60 cm in plant spacing and 850 to 900 acres per plant. Higher management levels and better soil quality can appropriately reduce the number of plant species.
Prior to planting, the seedlings without the top buds were eliminated, and excessive dry leaves and lateral buds other than the apical buds were removed. When planting, it is advisable to plant shallow seeds, put the pods horizontally, and put the top buds up. In general, quail species should be placed on the side of the hole, and should not be placed in the center of the hole to prevent "chong seedlings" after covering the soil. The next kind of soil is sprayed with herbicides, and then the agricultural mulch is used to cover the surface of the mulch to maintain moisture and prevent the growth of weeds. After sprouting and breaking the soil, the film is peeled off in time to break the middle of the film and leave it on both sides of the bowl.
V. Field Management
1. Topdressing: A long period of growth, a large amount of fertilizer, and strong fertility. In addition to applying base fertilizer, it must be top-dressed several times. The amount of fertilizer applied was based on leaf color and growth potential.
Seedling fertilizer (from March to March) can be applied after Qimiao, Mushi 7.5 to 10 kg of superphosphate, urea 5 to 7.5 kg, applied every 10 to 15 days.
After the sprouting of bulbs, Mushi compound fertilizer 25 to 30 kg, urea 5 to 10 kg, applied twice a month; after the closure of the line to stop using urea, only 35 to 40 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, applied twice a month, Until the 20-30 days before harvest, the last two fertilization should pay attention to a certain amount of potash fertilizer, in order to promote the accumulation of steamed starch, improve quality.
2. Drainage and Irrigation: Steamed bread and dampness are afraid of drought. In the event of drought, the plants will stop growing and the leaves will wither and even die. Therefore, long-term moisturizing should be taken care of. After the last soil cultivation at the end of April, the garden will be filled with water, and it is generally gully-irrigated, with a 5 to 10 cm water level in the ditch. In the event of rain, drain water in time to maintain a thin layer of water at the bottom of the trench. The field was drained 10 days before harvest for harvest storage.
3. Earthing: Earthing is one of the important measures for the high yield of Shantou, which can promote the occurrence of adventitious roots, improve the ability of drought resistance, inhibit the growth of terminal buds, and facilitate the development of hypertrophy of bulbs. Usually in early April, when the seedling height is about 33 centimeters, rapid growth occurs on the ground, and when the steamed bun begins to expand, weeding is performed to cultivate soil, and the soil thickness is 5 to 7 cm. At the end of April, the soil was once again soiled, and then ditched with shallow water.
6. Pest control
1. Diseases: There are mainly plague disease (commonly known as tiger head aluminum) and rot disease, which mostly occurred in March to June. Among them, plague diseases are more serious. When spotted spots near the earth's bracts are spotted with flies like black spots, they should be sprayed and prevented in time to prevent the disease from spreading. In addition to adopting comprehensive prevention and control methods such as rotation for 2 to 3 years, selecting disease-free seedlings, strengthening fertilizer and water management, and preventing soil from becoming too wet, plague disease can be controlled by pesticides, using 25% of thioredoxin 600 times per mu or 40% Alpha-Phosphorus 200 times or 75% Chlorothalonil 600 times spray, spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2 or 3 times continuously.
2. Insect pests: mainly locusts, Spodoptera litura, red spider, etc., 40% dimethoate 800 times or 50% trichlorfon 800 times spray control.
VII. Harvesting yellow leaves and withering roots is a sign of mature bulbs, which can be harvested at this time. Limes 20 kg of lime per acre for the first 10 days of harvest to promote root degradation and increase the quality of steamed bread. Generally choose sunny harvest from the middle and late July, remove the residual leaves and fibrous roots after excavation, spread out and store it in the shade.

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