Banlangen is a common Chinese medicinal material. Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu and other places in China are one of the main producing areas. Due to its effects of cooling blood, clearing heat and detoxifying, many medicines have its place. Nowadays, farmers who cultivate Banlangen manually There are also a lot of friends. Let's learn about the field management points of Banlangen and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.
1. Field management
1. Weeding between seedlings
The seedlings can grow in 10 days or so and can be combined with loose soil. When the seedling height is 5 ~ 10 cm, the seedling can be fixed according to the triangle of about 6 cm plant spacing. If there is enough water and fertilizer, it can be properly dense. Weeding often.
2. Scientific top dressing
During the growth process of Isatis indigotica, the leaves (big green leaves) are cut twice. Plant growth requires a large amount of fertilizer. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer during sowing, topdressing should be carried out in time after each leaf is cut, and topdressing should be applied again in mid-August to promote root growth.
3. Irrigation and drainage
After the seedlings are set, if the weather is dry, irrigation can be combined with weeding, especially after the leaves are harvested. In the rainy season, we should clear the ditch and manage the soil in time to avoid water accumulation and rotting in the fields.
Second, pest control
1. Disease
â‘ White rust disease: caused by the fungus Flagella. The leaves, stems, and flowers can all develop disease, and the back of the leaves is more serious. Usually there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, the plants are soft and tender, there is much rain, and the humidity is high. When the weather is cold and warm, the disease is more frequent; the continuous crops have more bacteria and the disease is more serious. Control methods: Timely seedlings, drainage, drainage, plowing and weeding, reducing field humidity, promoting seedling growth and strengthening disease resistance. Combine seedlings at the seedling stage to remove diseased seedlings, and remove diseased leaves at a later stage to avoid the spread of pathogens. Spray Bordeaux mixture at the beginning of the disease to prevent the disease from spreading. Collect and burn the diseased branches during the harvest to eliminate the overwintering bacteria.
â‘¡ Downy mildew: mainly harms the leaves. The disease usually begins in early June and becomes severe in mid-July. The diseased tissue in the soil is the area affected by downy mildew. During the growth, the conidia on the back of the diseased leaf spread by wind and rain, and repeatedly infested. Prevention and control method: Select seed retention, that is, choose disease-free plots as the retention field, the remaining plants are harvested separately, and the roots are stored separately. Clean the garden, that is, remove the dead branches and residual leaves on the ground to reduce germs when digging. Pay attention to drainage, because the soil humidity is a favorable condition for the occurrence of downy mildew, so it is necessary to drain in time after rain to reduce the field humidity. Reasonable rotation, that is, rotation with gramineous plants such as corn. At the initial stage of onset, spray with 800% to 1,000 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl or 5% carbendazim to 1000 times.
â‘¢ Powdery mildew: Mainly damages leaves. Generally low temperature and humidity, too much nitrogen fertilizer, dense plants, poor ventilation and light transmission, are prone to disease. When the temperature is high, the disease stops spreading. Prevention and control method: Eliminate the water in the field and suppress the occurrence of diseases. Reasonable dense planting, reasonable coordination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to make plants grow robustly and enhance disease resistance. The diseased leaves were removed at the early stage of the disease, and the fallen leaves of the diseased plants were removed after the harvest and burned in concentrated manner. Spray with 300% to 500 times liquid of 65% Fumei zinc wettable powder.
2. Pests
â‘ Small bridge-forming insect: the damage occurred from August to September. The larvae of 1 to 3 instars bite on the mesophyll, leaving the epidermis to form transparent dots, and bite on the whole leaf at 5 or 6 instars; the mature larvae spin silky cocoons and pupae at the leaf edges or between the stems and leaves. In winter, pupa overwinters among the weeds in the field, and then becomes harmful after hatching the following year. Control method: spray with 90% trichlorfon 1500 times solution, spraying the middle and lower parts of the old leaves with spray, the effect is obvious.
â‘¡Aphids: when they occur, they are concentrated on the young leaves and new shoots to absorb juice, so that the leaves and young shoots shrink, wither and grow poorly. Prevention and control method: remove the fallen branches and leaves and weeds after the harvest, burn them intensively, and eliminate the overwintering insects. Spray with 4% dimethoate 1500 times solution, or spray with 90% trichlorfon 1500 times solution. The soil pesticide is prepared by using 0.5 kg of tobacco tendons, 0.5 kg of lime, and 25 kg of water to make a liquid solution of tobacco lime.
In general, after harvesting, shake off the soil, cut between the reed head and the leaves with a knife, dry them separately, and pick up the yellow leaf impurities, which are the isatis root and the big green leaves.
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