Livestock farm manure is a good raw material for organic fertilizer production, but if it is directly applied to crops without being fully fermented or decomposed, it will have great harm:
1. Infectious diseases and pests
Livestock farm manure contains E. coli, nematodes and other pathogens and pests. Direct use will cause the spread of pests and diseases, crop disease, and affect human health of edible agricultural products; when unripe chicken manure is fermented in the soil, it is easy to breed pathogens and The occurrence of pests.
In addition, chicken manure is the camp and hotbed of root-knot nematodes. The number of root-knot nematode eggs carried by itself is 100 per kilogram. The nematode eggs in the chicken manure are very easy to hatch, and it doubles by tens of thousands overnight. The incidence of nematodes in plots with chicken manure increased by more than 500%.
Nematodes are extremely sensitive to chemical agents. After application, the nematodes will quickly move to the depths of the ground to escape, so it is difficult to cure them. Especially for sheds over 3 years old, root knot nematodes are one of the most deadly hidden dangers.
2. Second fermentation, burning roots and seedlings
After insufficiently fermented livestock farming manure is applied to the field, when the fermentation conditions are available, the secondary fermentation will start. If the fermentation part is close to the root and the crop plants are small, the heat generated by the fermentation will affect the growth of the crop, which is serious It sometimes causes plant death.
3. Acidify orchard soil
Livestock farm manure is generally a strong acid fertilizer (pH 3.6 to 4.7), and needs to be fermented to adjust the pH when using it. Therefore, the application of acidic livestock farming manure in the orchard is tantamount to "adding frost" to the fruit tree, causing damage such as rotten roots, black roots, yellow leaves, premature aging of the tree, and blocked nutrient absorption.
4. Toxic gas hazards
When the raw manure is used in the ground, it will produce methane, ammonia and other harmful gases during the decomposition process, which will cause acid damage and root damage to the soil and crops. More importantly, the ethylene gas produced can inhibit root growth and is also the main reason for root burning. the reason.
5. Soil hypoxia
Although raw manure contains a certain amount of organic matter, it takes a certain time to decompose and transform without fermentation. During the decomposition process, the oxygen in the soil is consumed and the soil is temporarily hypoxic, which inhibits the growth of crops.
6. Slow fertilizer efficiency
In unfermented and decomposed livestock farmyard manure, most of the nutrients are organic or slow-acting, which cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by crops. Only after decomposition and transformation can they be absorbed and utilized by crops. Therefore, direct application without fermentation slows down the fertilizer efficiency.
7. Excessive heavy metals
At present, various feed additives are used in intensive aquaculture, and most of the additives contain heavy metal elements such as copper, zinc and lead. The utilization rate of trace elements in livestock and poultry is usually low, and they are excreted with feces and urine. The content of heavy metals increased with the increase of the amount of chicken manure.
Excessive heavy metal content in fertilizer has a significant inhibitory effect on vegetable growth. When the concentration of copper, zinc, and lead in the soil is 50 mg/kg, they can inhibit the elongation of tomato root to varying degrees. When the concentration of copper and zinc reaches 400 mg/kg, the elongation of tomato root is no longer Grow.
When the lead concentration reached 2000 mg/kg, the elongation of tomato root was severely inhibited.
8. Inconvenient use and low efficiency
Untreated livestock farmyard manure is difficult to transport, large in size, low in active ingredients and high in cost. The conversion of organic matter to humus takes a long time and the nutrient loss is serious.
9. Sodium chloride (salt) exceeds the standard
According to statistics, every cubic meter of livestock farmyard manure contains 5 kg of sodium chloride (table salt). If the sodium chloride content of an acre of land exceeds 10 kg, crops will be extremely difficult to grow.
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