The Campanulaceae is suitable for growing on the sunny slopes. In the second half of Shangri-La County, the sloping land area is large. The planting of grain is basically dependent on the sky. The cultivation of the bulbs can reduce the investment and increase the economic income. Now introduce high-yielding cultivation techniques of bellflowers as follows:
First, use and value
Campanulaceae, is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, but also cooking. Because it contains Campanulaceae saponins, Polygalaceae saponins, phytosterols, glycosides, amino acids, etc., sexual level, bitter taste, there Xuanfei Liyan, phlegm, anti-inflammatory pus and other effects. Campanulaceae exported to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other places, the market is very popular, the price is not bad, acres can be harvested Campanulaceae (flesh root) dry goods about 600 kilograms, calculated at 60 yuan per kilogram, more than 5 kilograms of seeds per mu, per kg of terriers 60 yuan seed, you can gain more than 4,000 yuan.
Second, growth habits
Campanulaceae has the characteristics of hi light, hi humidity and cold resistance, and has wide adaptability. Artificial cultivation is mostly cultivated on the hilly slopes of sunny leewards. Deep in the soil, loose and fertile, humus-rich sandy loam grow well. Excessive soil moisture or water can easily cause root rot. The suitable temperature range for growth is 10°C to 20°C, and the optimum temperature is 20°C. It can tolerate sub-20°C low temperatures. Seeds begin to germinate at temperatures above 10°C. The optimum temperature for germination is 20-25°C. The annual seed germination rate is 50%-60%, and the seed germination rate of the biennial can reach 85%, and the budding is fast and homogeneous.
Third, cultivation techniques
(I) Site Preparation and Base Fertilizer
After selecting sandy soil land with sufficient sunlight, deep soil and well-drained water, apply 3000kg of fertilizer per acre, add superphosphate 20kg or 15kg of diammonium phosphate, spread evenly into the ground, deep plowing 25-30cm, leveling耙 耙 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
(B) use of fine seeds for soaking
1. Seeds of Platycodon grandiflorum should be selected for seeds that are more than 2 years old and non-cumulative. (The seeds are accumulated for one year and the germination rate should be reduced by more than 70%). The amount of mu is 1.5-2 kg.
2. Soaking Seed Germination The seeds of Platycodon grandiflorum are immersed in warm water of about 40°C, and are continuously agitated so that the seeds are evenly heated. When the temperature drops to about 20°C, the water is washed with clear water to remove impurities. Soak for another 12 hours, or soak with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 12 hours, then mix with appropriate amount of wet sand and mix well. Replanting a few days later can significantly increase the germination rate.
(c) timely sowing
(1) The seedlings produced by live seeding in the field are less in number, have straight roots, and are of high quality. The method is simple and time-saving. Widely used, live broadcasts are mostly conducted in the spring. In the live broadcast of the field, many drills are used. The bed is ditched laterally, 2-3 cm deep, and the ditch is 20-25 cm. The treated seed is mixed with 10 times fine sand and evenly spread into the ditch. Gently suppress soil after covering soil, water after sowing, keep soil moist before emergence, cover straw or pine needles, increase moisture and heat preservation, and emerge in the following May.
(2) Breeding seedlings Transplanting seedlings with seedlings can be selected as seedlings and seedlings, and the planting width can be adjusted to help increase yield per unit area. To select grain seedlings that are full, full, and free from pests and diseases, seed treatment for seedlings is the same as seed treatment for direct seeding in the field. Nursery bed width 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters, height 25 cm, before bed into the base fertilizer and evenly mixed with the bed soil, leveling rake fine, in the entire good bed 10 cm row spacing ditch, ditch depth 1.0-1.5 In centimeters, sow the seeds, cover soil a little thicker and press firmly, cover with grass or leaves, water to keep the soil moist, generally about 15 days to emerge, after the seedlings unearthed, remove the cover. After the autumnal part of the autumn comes to the end of the autumn, or before the seedlings are planted before the spring, the roots will be dug, and the spacing will be 20-25 cm, the depth of the ditch will be 10-15 cm, the transverse ditch will be opened in the transplant bed, and the plants will be placed obliquely in the ditch. The distance between the plants is 6 cm. After the planting, cover the fine soil and press the water with a little pressure.
(IV) Field Management
1, seedlings Dingmiao in the seedling height 5-7cm or so and time seedlings, Dingmiao, between the close seedlings and weak seedlings, according to the seedling distance 6-10cm Dingmiao.
2, combined with cultivator, weeding topdressing due to the early growth of Campanulaceae, it should be timely weeding. It is usually carried out three times. The first time the seedling height is 7-10 cm, it will be carried out a second time after one month and the third time a month later, and it will strive to get rid of the grass. During the seedling stage, thin human urine should be applied 1-2 times to promote the growth of seedlings. Mid-term increase of flowering fertilizer, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, to prevent excessive flowering as a result of the consumption of nutrients and affect growth. After winter, it is necessary to re-apply over-wintering fertilizer and combine soil fertilization with fertilization.
3. Timely drainage of Platycodon is fear of water accumulation, and soil water can easily cause root rot. In the summer when the temperature is high and rainy, drainage drainage should be done in time to prevent the accumulation of water and rot, resulting in reduced production.
4, Sparsely flowering and fruiting Bellflowers have a long flowering period and consume large amounts of nutrients, affecting root growth. In addition to leaving fields, thinning and fruit thinning can increase the yield and quality of roots. Artificially removing flower buds on the production, such as cutting off buds with a guillotine or spraying with multiple effects at full flowering stage, can prevent flowering. Ethephon can also be used as a plant hormone. The concentration of 1000ppm is sprayed on flower buds at flowering stage. The flowers are covered with liquid medicine. The rate of removing flowers is 1125-1500 kg per hectare. This method has high efficiency and low cost. , use safety.
5. Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention and treatment of ring rot and sheath blight mainly damage the leaves, which can be sprayed with 1:1∶100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 1000 times in the initial stage of disease. The ulcer disease is characterized by high temperature and humidity, long duration of condensation, and proneness to rain. The leaves are brown and the stems turn brown from top to bottom. The prevention and control methods can be used for 72% of agricultural sulphomycin WP 4000 times, continuous control 3 -4 times. For insects such as earthworms, floorworms, and clams, they can be trapped with poisonous baits.
(5) Harvesting and processing:
1. Seed harvesting: From October to October, when the shell of the capsule is pale yellow and the fruit is cracked, the seeds are full and black after picking, so they can be picked in batches. The harvested seeds should not be directly exposed to sunlight. They can be stored in a ventilated place for 3-4 days. The embryos are naturally matured and then dried. After going to the fruit hull, they should be stored in a dry and ventilated place with a bag or paper bag. One year, it should be stored at low temperature.
2. Root harvesting: Excavation is carried out in the year of transplanting or in the second year of live broadcasting. Harvest from October to November in the late autumn. Cut the stems and leaves first, dig out the roots, wash the soil with clean water, drain the water, wipe the cork with bamboo or glass, porcelain, etc., and then dry it. Drying and serving. It is also possible to dig with the scraper to prevent shrinkage of the skin, which is easy to peel.
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