In recent years, when the author visited some major apple producing areas, it was discovered that many fruit growers only paid attention to the management of the growing period of fruit trees and neglected the early spring management of orchards, which often caused undue losses. The early spring management of apple orchards refers to the management of soil thawing to flowering and pollination. The specific contents include pre-flowering, fertilization, pest control, frost prevention, and artificial pollination. Doing a good job in this period of management can effectively improve the tree nutrient distribution, reduce the number of pests and diseases, and increase the fruit setting rate, which is an important basis for the high yield and quality of orchards. Therefore, management in the early spring must not be overlooked.
First, fine complex shear, control load
When the average temperature in the spring is above 5°C and the soil temperature is stable at 8°C, the sap of the apple begins to move and the flower buds also sprout. This period is the best time to identify flower and leaf buds. By adjusting the proportions of flower buds and leaf buds, and the resulting branches and vegetative branches, the objective is to achieve a reasonable load and strengthen the tree.
When pruning, it is necessary to distinguish between different trimmings of the young tree and the old tree. For the young tree, stable production is the key to maintaining the flower; for the old tree, under the premise of ensuring the tree load, the excess flower buds and the resulting branches should be removed to save the tree nutrients to the maximum extent.
Second, scientific fertilization, balanced nutrition
In the spring, fertilization should be applied on the basis of sufficient organic fertilizer, following the principle of "full use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, supplementation of medium and trace fertilizers" to meet the fruiting, fruit setting and shoot growth of nutrients. demand. The topdressing time is carried out one week before the budding, and the type and quantity are determined by the tree vigor, age, and yield. (Please refer to the Yuncheng Green Association Spring Fertilization Program)
Third, according to local conditions, rational use of drugs
After the "seizure," the overwintering pests in the orchards began to move. In this period, the distribution of pathogenic eggs was relatively concentrated, and the resistance to insecticide was also the worst. Clear garden work should seize the opportunity and be targeted. To change the clean garden habit of spraying only 3 to 5 Baume degree lime sulfur, it should be combined with the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in previous years and the meteorological conditions of the year to selectively use drugs, not only to ensure the prevention and treatment of pests, but also to prevent the adverse effects of disaster weather. . (Recommended reference "Green Association" formula)
Fourth, strictly sparse, serious pollination
The purpose of the sparse flower is to reduce nutrient consumption, so it should be carried out early in the inflorescence separation period. In the case of unstable climate, try not to “look at the heart†(only to stay at the center). The “spacing method†should be adopted. That is, an inflorescence should be kept every 20 centimeters, and the pests, flowers, and flowers must be removed first. The top flowers of flowers, thin and weak branches, and sparsely dense short-fruit branches and flowers are alternately removed to ensure the fruit set rate of the tree.
Flower pollination artificial pollination is a key measure to increase fruit setting rate and produce high-quality fruit, especially in orchards where less than 20% of pollinated trees are pollinated. Pay more attention to supplementary pollination, and it is best to use artificial point method.
V. Prevent Frost and Ensure High Yield
The flowering seasons of apple in Jinan and Weibei fruit regions often encounter dust, frost, and low temperature and other disasters. For example, the frost in April 2006 and the low temperature in flowering in 2008 all caused great losses to the fruit industry. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the antifreeze during flowering.
Before flowering, fruit trees should pay close attention to weather changes and listen to the weather forecast. Once there is a possibility of frost, immediately take the following measures: 1. Orchard irrigation, reduce ground temperature, delay flowering, avoid frost hazards; 2. Spray more Such as, to increase the cell concentration, enhance the tree's low temperature ability of antibiotics; 3. When the frost occurs, pile up firewood between the rows of trees, wheat bran, etc., to ignite smoke, usually 5 to 6 heaps per acre, can effectively Frost Frost, reduce Disaster effects.
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