Tilapia is a tropical small and medium-sized species of fish, with about 100 species. The fish is native to Africa and later spread to Central and South America, East Asia and South Asia, and has now become a worldwide breeding target. Tilapia is an omnivorous fish dominated by plant feeds. It feeds primarily on plankton during the juvenile stage. There are many types of foods for adult fish, such as various algae, young grasses, organic detritus, benthic animals, and aquatic insects. And so on, can also directly eat artificial feed. Due to its wide appetite, low feed requirements, rapid growth, strong adaptability, and low fish disease, it has also become the main species of freshwater aquaculture in China. The high-quality male tilapia (Ounia) introduced here is the hybrid of the Oreochromis aureus (male) and the Nile tilapia (female) introduced from the United States by the Academician of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. The offspring, after many years of breeding, the male rate is stable at about 95%, the growth rate is 20% to 30% faster than the parents, and the catch rate is as high as 60% to 70%. The fish farming techniques are described as follows: 1. The basic conditions of the pond The tilapia (Olympian) has a strong adaptability to the environment, but poor pond conditions are not conducive to the growth of the fish. Therefore, a good source of water should be selected. Non-pollution, convenient drainage and drainage, and a rich area of ​​food in the water. The area of ​​the pond can be from 1 mu to tens of mu. Second, the preparation before stocking 1. The entire pond clear pond old pond should be drained before stocking, exposure to more than 7 days. And in the pool during the pool repair, reinforcement dike. After the drying pond, dig a few small pits around the pond, pour the quicklime into the pit, add water, and do not wait until the cooling is to splash the lime slurry evenly into the pool. Dry pool clear pond lime consumption of 60 kg / acre to 75 kg / acre with a clear pond when the lime concentration of 225ppm. 2. After about 7 days in Feitang Clear Pond, until the toxicity of the drug disappears, filter the water with 60 mesh sieve and add 70cm to 80cm of water, apply 300kg to 400kg of organic fertilizer per acre, and gradually increase the water level to 1 meter with water color. . After the fish species enters the pond, they gradually increase to the maximum depth of pond water storage as the water temperature rises and the fish body grows. Third, the fish stocking selection of surface smooth, non-injured, disease-free fish species stocking, in order to facilitate the breeding period during the management, requires the stocking specifications of the tidy fish species, stocking with salt water disinfection. The main pond raising tilapia fish is stocked with over 1,000 wintering fish species or 1000 summer flowers per acre, and each has 200 tails and squid with 4 inch/tail. Although the male of Oxya has a high male rate, it is impossible to reach 100%, and no hormone is used to control it during the breeding process. Therefore, after a winter of the wintering pond species cultivation, it is very likely that littering will occur. Phenomenon, in order to improve the utilization of feed to obtain a relatively neat fish out of the pool specifications, winter fish stocking pool should be equipped with ferocious fish 20 to 30 tail, such as black locusts, big oysters and so on. IV. Feeding and Management 1. Feed and set up two bait stations in the pond. In the first 10 days of the summer fish fry pond, because the pond has a large amount of plankton, it is not fed any feed; the winter fish species can be fed on the third day after the pond. After 10 days of stocking, until the fish weighs 100 g/body, feed 3 times a day, and feed it evenly around the pond at the beginning. Afterwards, gradually reduce the feeding range and move to the bait station every day. After 1 week, the fish will concentrate. Feeding at the bait station, feeding at the bait station at this time, the feeding time is 8:30, 12:30, and 5:30 every day, and the daily feeding amount is 6%-8% of the fish's weight. When the fish grows to 100 g/tail, it is fed twice a day and the feeding time is 8:30 and 17:30 every day. The daily feeding amount is 2% to 4% of the fish's body weight. The amount of feeding is weighed and recorded by the person in charge. At the same time, the remaining condition of the bait station is checked 1 hour after each meal is fed, and the water quality, weather, etc. are combined. Adjust the feeding amount of each meal. In order to obtain more comprehensive nutrition and maintain the strong appetite of Oni fish, it is recommended to purchase two or more feeds for cross feeding. 2. Water quality regulation Within 1 week after the fry is released, keep the water level unchanged. Afterwards, increase the water level by 5 cm every day until the water depth reaches 150 cm. After every 15 days to 20 days, add new water 10% to 15%; The transparency is maintained at 30 cm to 25 cm; 1 quicklime is applied every 20 days, and the amount is 10 ppm to 15 ppm, so that the pH of the pool water is always maintained at between 7.5 and 8.5; after the fry is released for 2 weeks, the purple back is transplanted into the pool. Duckweed, covering 20% ​​of the pool surface. 3. Others patrol the pond twice a day, morning and evening, to observe whether the pond has leakage and fish activity. In addition, special circumstances (such as in case of hot heat and low air pressure before rain) should be filled with new water or Other measures to increase oxygen. Fifth, disease prevention fish ponds thoroughly clear before the pond disinfection. When the wintering species are in the pool, the fish is soaked in a 0.4% salt solution for 10 minutes to 15 minutes to kill the parasites and bacteria on the fish's body surface and lice. Every 1 month or so, use 1ppm bleach or appropriate amount (determined according to the pH value of the pool water) for the whole tank disinfection. The use of Chinese herbal medicines such as rhubarb, berberine, and garlic every 20 days for feeding baits can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases. (Luo Wenzong Huang Desheng)
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