The mature period of strawberry cultivation in open field is mostly concentrated from May to June. The purpose of greenhouse cultivation is to promote strawberry ripening, achieve anti-season production and meet the market demand for off-season production. 1. Contributing to cultivation: After flower bud differentiation, before the dormancy, heat preservation, inhibition of dormancy, so that its growth results in advance, fruit picking period from mid-December to March of the following year. 2. Semi-contribution cultivation: After the flower buds differentiated and naturally dormant under natural conditions, they were warmed to speed up their growth. The fruit collection period was from late February to April. Second, the varieties of varieties selected dormancy period and different resistance to low temperature, suitable for different cultivation modes. 1. Contributing to cultivation: the use of overlapping flower buds early, shallow dormancy, cold-resistant, high yield, good quality varieties. At present, Fengxiang has the largest number of applications, including Chunxiang, Jingxiang and Tutra. 2. Semi-contribution to cultivation: the use of deep-sleeping species. At present, all-star cultivation is the largest and most of the stars are Starfish No. 1, Stars are more than 2, Hani and other cultivation is also more self-stirring strawberry strong, but with l-2 other varieties, can increase production. Third, the seedlings selected strawberry seedlings susceptible to viral disease, with virus seedlings for production, will affect the yield and quality of strawberries, the production of the best use of virus-free seedlings. The virus-free seedlings have strong growth potential and strong resistance to disease. Strawberries can fully exhibit their variety characteristics, good quality and high yield, generally 10%-15% more than non-virus-free seedlings. The standard of strong seedlings is a complete leaf with 5-6 pieces of healthy and disease-free pests, rough rhizomes l-1.5cm, fibrous roots and white, plant dwarf, individual plant weight 25-30g. Fourth, colonization management Land preparation: Land preparation is generally done in mid-August. 667m2 organic manure 5000Kg, add superphosphate 40Kg or nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer 30kg, do sorghum after spreading. The sorghum runs north and south, with a width of 60cm at the bottom, a width of 40cm at the top, a gap of 20cm between the sulcus, and a height of 15 to 20cm. 2. Planting time: general force from mid-August to early September. 3. Planting Density: The density is determined based on the growth potential of the species. Each row was planted in 2 rows, with a row spacing of 60 cm and 20 cm, a plant spacing of about 15 cm, and 667 m2 colonization of 8000-12000 plants. 4. Colonization techniques: The old leaves, diseased leaves, and stolons should be removed before seedlings are planted; the arches should be oriented toward the outside of the planting (direction of furrows) when planting; the planting requirements must not be buried and the roots should not be exposed. 5. Management after planting: Fill the water after planting and 2-3 days before filling with small water. After flowering, it will enter the flower bud differentiation period. In this period, fertilizer and water management shall be strengthened to control water and nitrogen, and to prevent seedlings from growing. It may apply 10-15kg of NPK fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation. V. Insulation and indoor management (1) Holding time (l) Contributing to cultivation: When the outside night temperature drops to around 8°C, it begins to keep warm. In late October, the northern heat insulation period is appropriate. Insulation is too early, and the indoor temperature is high, which is not conducive to the differentiation of flower buds, and the plants are dormant when they retreat too much. (2) Semi-contribution cultivation: Insulation should be based on the length of dormancy of the species, when it is dormant under natural conditions. Generally from mid-December to early January. (B) indoor temperature and humidity management (l) Insulation early: In order to prevent strawberries into dormancy, the initial temperature of the insulation phase is higher. The general daytime control is between 28°C and 30°C, the maximum temperature cannot exceed 35°C, and the nighttime temperature is 12°C-15°C. The minimum temperature cannot be lower than 8°C. The indoor humidity during this period is controlled at 85%-90%. (2) Flowering period: The flowering period requires strict temperature and humidity. Generally during the day under the control of 22 °C -25 °C, the maximum can not exceed 28 °C, the temperature is too high too low are not conducive to pollination fertilization. The night temperature is about 10°C, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 8°C. When the night temperature exceeds 13°C, the buds of the buds are degraded and the development of the stamens and stamens is hindered. The indoor mixing control is appropriate at about 40%, and excessively low humidity results in poor pollination. (3) Enlargement and maturity of the fruit enlargement: The temperature is affected by the temperature, the temperature is too high, the fruit develops quickly, and the fruit ripens early, but the fruit becomes smaller and the commodity value decreases. The suitable temperature is controlled at 20°C-25°C during the day and 6°C-8°C at night. The humidity can be controlled at 60%-70%. (3) Fertilizer Management After strawberry insulation, it is the flower bud development period, and budding, flowering, and fruiting will follow. After the top inflorescence is harvested, the inflorescence is pumped again and the flowering results are obtained. The plant burden is heavy, and if it is not applied in time, it is easy to show premature dwarfing. Top dressing at least 4-5 times with NPK fertilizer is the best, each time every 667m2-10Kg. The humidity in the greenhouse is very large, and it easily gives an illusion that there is no shortage of water. In general, shallow water is used before the heat preservation and before the cover film, and then combined with topdressing water. (d) Application of gibberellin The purpose of applying gibberellin is to use external forces to prevent or break the dormancy of strawberries and promote the extraction of petioles and inflorescences. Promote cultivation from the second leaf of the plant after incubation to budding, depending on the dormancy period of any 1-2 times short-spray, the concentration of 5-1010-6, the dormancy of the shallow spray of the species concentration is low, otherwise it is high . Semi-promoting plant growth can spray or not spray. Select high temperature spraying, the effect is better. (five) plant management With the growth of plants, produce many lateral buds, it is necessary to early collapse. In addition to the main bud, generally retain 2-3 lateral buds. The pest leaves, old leaves and stolons should be removed at any time. The flowering and fruit thinning measures shall be taken during the flowering period to remove the senior secondary florets and weak flowers. After the result, the malformed fruit, diseased fruit, and small fruit were discarded, and finally the first inflorescence retained about 12 fruits, and the second inflorescence retained about 7 fruits. (6) The auxiliary pollination must be artificially assisted in pollination, otherwise it will produce a large number of malformed fruits. Commonly used method is to use a soft brush to gently spread in the open flower center, or in the flowering period, with a fine hair in the inflorescence on the top of the basket, but it is best to bee in the room, the effect is good. VI. Diseases and Insect Pests Control The diseases of strawberry in the greenhouse in Changyousheng include gray mold, powdery mildew, bud blight, virus disease and verticillium wilt. Insect pests are mainly locusts and red spiders. Control methods: Botrytis cinerea can be controlled with 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl 1000 times; powdery mildew can be controlled with 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold or trehalose-800-fold solution before flowering; virus disease Virus-free seedlings can be used to disinfect soil for continuous cropping and to prevent and control aphids. It should be noted that spraying pesticides is prohibited during flowering to prevent malformed fruit from occurring. 7. Fruit Harvest When the fruit is harvested, use a thumb and forefinger fingernail to cut the stem. The shorter the fruit-cut pedicel, the better. Use a rabbit's special fruit puncture. The protuberances can be packaged in a transparent plastic box and transported and sold by carton for packaging.
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides. They range in structure from linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin.
Polysaccharides are often quite heterogeneous, containing slight modifications of the repeating unit. Depending on the structure, these macromolecules can have distinct properties from their monosaccharide building blocks. They may be amorphous or even insoluble in water. When all the monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are the same type, the polysaccharide is called a homopolysaccharide or homoglycan, but when more than one type of monosaccharide is present they are called heteropolysaccharides or heteroglycans.
Natural saccharides are generally of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula (CH2O)n where n is three or more. Examples of monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and glyceraldehyde. Polysaccharides, meanwhile, have a general formula of Cx(H2O)y where x is usually a large number between 200 and 2500. When the repeating units in the polymer backbone are six-carbon monosaccharides, as is often the case, the general formula simplifies to (C6H10O5)n, where typically 40≤n≤3000.
As a rule of thumb, polysaccharides contain more than ten monosaccharide units, whereas oligosaccharides contain three to ten monosaccharide units; but the precise cutoff varies somewhat according to convention. Polysaccharides are an important class of biological polymers. Their function in living organisms is usually either structure- or storage-related. Starch (a polymer of glucose) is used as a storage polysaccharide in plants, being found in the form of both amylose and the branched amylopectin. In animals, the structurally similar glucose polymer is the more densely branched glycogen, sometimes called "animal starch". Glycogen's properties allow it to be metabolized more quickly, which suits the active lives of moving animals.
Cellulose and chitin are examples of structural polysaccharides. Cellulose is used in the cell walls of plants and other organisms, and is said to be the most abundant organic molecule on Earth.It has many uses such as a significant role in the paper and textile industries, and is used as a feedstock for the production of rayon (via the viscose process), cellulose acetate, celluloid, and nitrocellulose. Chitin has a similar structure, but has nitrogen-containing side branches, increasing its strength. It is found in arthropod exoskeletons and in the cell walls of some fungi. It also has multiple uses, including surgical threads. Polysaccharides also include callose or laminarin, chrysolaminarin, xylan, arabinoxylan, mannan, fucoidan and galactomannan.
Polysaccharide Series
Polysaccharide Series,Cordyceps Polysaccharide,Hericium Erinaceus Polysaccharide,Goji Polysaccharide
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