Cabbage floating seedling cultivation and pollution-free cultivation technology in open field

Brassica oleracea (BrassicaoleraceaL.var.capitataL for short) is a plant of the family Brassicaceae and Brassica. It is a variant of Brassica oleracea (BrassicaoleraceaL.); A biennial herb that is frosted and rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and various traces. Elements; flatness and sweetness, return to the spleen and stomach; replenish bone marrow, moisten viscera, improve heart strength, strengthen bones and bones, organs, remove qi, clear away heat and relieve pain, attend to poor sleep, hearing loss, joint flexion and extension , Stomach pain and other conditions. Cabbage has the characteristics of cold resistance, disease resistance, strong adaptability, easy storage and transportation, high yield, and good quality. It is widely cultivated in Tengchong, supporting early, middle, and late maturing varieties. Annual balanced supply is one of Tengchong's main vegetables. In recent years, due to the widespread occurrence of cruciferous vegetable root swollen disease, the diseased field rate has reached 70% -80%, and the diseased plant rate in the field has reached 20% -30%, which has led to a decline in yield and a reduction in farmers' income.

The floating seedling technology solves the soil-borne bacteria of cruciferous vegetable root swelling disease, shortens the time of slow seedling after planting, accelerates the recovery of the root system, guarantees the product quality, and increases the value of the commodity. In June 2011, the attempt to plant 53hm² floating purple and green cabbage seedlings was successful. The following is an introduction to floating seedling cultivation and open-field cultivation techniques in cabbage sheds.

1 floating nursery

1.1 Variety selection

Good varieties are the basis for obtaining high-yield and high-quality agricultural products. Generally, green cabbage varieties such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage series, Jingfeng and Wanfeng, and purple cabbage varieties such as Zihui, Hongyun and Hongta should be selected with strong resistance, high yield and good comprehensive performance.

1.2 Preparation before nursery

① Nursery tray disinfection The nursery tray is made of polypropylene foam plastic tray. The length, width, and height are 66cm × 34cm × 7cm, 200-hole nursery trays, and other specifications of nursery trays can also be used. The newly used nursery trays can be used without disinfection. Disinfect used seedling trays. The seedling tray can be soaked with 0.05% -0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 4h. After disinfection, wash with water.

② The water-bed film for the nursery pond disinfection and fertilization is a polyethylene black film with a thickness of 0.08mm. New ones can be used without disinfection, but those that have been used must be sterilized with 1000% solution of 30% bleaching powder. The sterilized waterbed membrane is laid flat in the nursery pond, fixed in the card slot with a snap spring, and put in clean water. The water is 7-10cm away from the pool. According to the amount of fertilizer applied per pond (kg) = water quality of each pond ( kg) × use concentration (%), apply 0.1% special flue-cured tobacco seedling fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O is 12:10:12), and stir well.

â‘¢ Seed disinfection The seeds of the selected variety are sterilized in the sun for 1-2 days, and the coated seeds can be sown directly.

1.3 substrate selection and water

Flue-cured tobacco floating nursery substrate. Before loading the plate, pour the substrate out of the bag into a pile, add water with a shovel while stirring, and strive to be uniform. From time to time, pinch the substrate. When the substrate can be held in a mass, it can be scattered when touched or when it touches the ground. .

1.4 Seeding

The floating seedling loading and tray planting machine produced by Yunnan Mingze Tobacco Machinery Co., Ltd. can complete the tray loading, pressure pressing, and sowing at one time. During machine sowing, pay attention to brushing the hole roller and seeding cylinder from time to time to avoid uneven pressure holes and seeds blocking the seed holes. Spread the substrate evenly on the sown seedling tray and scrape it flat. The substrate should completely cover the seeds to prevent the occurrence of spiral seedlings. Then, put the nursery trays in the nursery pond and arrange them neatly.

1.5 Seedling Management

①Temperature and humidity management The temperature and light control system equipped in the greenhouse is used to control the temperature at about 25 ° C from sowing to emergence, and control the temperature at 20-25 ° C after emergence. At the same time, temperature, humidity and ventilation are controlled by opening shade nets, skylights, and shed membranes on both sides. In the case of continuous rainfall, when the dehumidifying effect of the roll film is poor and the humidity of the dish is too high, it is necessary to dry the dish on a nursery pond with a bamboo stand to increase the permeability of the dish and promote the normal growth of vegetable seedlings.

â‘¡ Interstitial seedlings and supplementary seedlings need time and seedlings to increase the rate of seedling formation. Cabbage emerges three days after sowing. When most of the seedlings have entered the small "cross period" (two true leaves and two cotyledons in a "ten" shape period), multiple seedlings, spiral root seedlings, and weak seedlings should be removed in time. Leave a healthy seedling in each hole. When you find a lack of seedlings, carefully pull out the strong seedlings with thin bamboo slices. Normally seedlings and supplementary seedlings are carried out simultaneously.

â‘¢ Disease control Although floating seedlings are carried out under strict sanitary conditions, disease occurrence is inevitable due to various reasons. Diseases at seedling stage mainly include cataplexy disease and blight disease. In the early stage of disease, 64% of the cream / manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid or 58% of the cream / manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid spray control.

2 Proper colonization

Cabbage is a light-rooted crop and requires higher nutrients. When preparing the field, turn the rake carefully and apply sufficient bottom fertilizer. Apply 2,000-3000 kg of rotten cooked farm fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 40 kg of calcium, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, 2 kg of borax, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer to the field or hoe every 667 m². Use high-row double-row cultivation, with large row spacing of 100 cm for purple cabbage, 50 cm wide for the noodle surface, and a groove depth of 20-30 cm; large row spacing of 90 cm for green cabbage, 50 cm for the noodle surface, and 20-30 cm groove depth. Use 50 for every 667m² % Butachlor suspending agent 100mL spray water on the surface of 50kg to prevent weeds, and then cover the film.

The seedling age (from emergence to adult) is about 20 days. When the seedling has 6-7 leaves, it can be planted. Select cloudy or evening transplanting, 2 rows per row, 30 cm of purple cabbage rows, 30 cm plant spacing, about 4400 plants per 667m²; green row of 30 cm, 25 cm plant spacing, 5900 plants per 667 m²; While pouring the root water.

3 post-plantation management

Topdressing should be done 2-3 times after planting and before harvesting. About 7 days after transplanting, 1000 kg of clean manure water or 5-7 kg of urea was poured into the water once to raise seedling fertilizer; about 25 days to adjust the fertilizer as seedlings; at the initial stage of filling, the nodular fertilizer was re-applied.

For 667m², 30-35kg of urea is used for watering; foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and plant extracts can be sprayed on the surface during the enveloping period. It is strictly forbidden to apply chemical fertilizer 30 days before harvest.

4 pest control

The pollution-free production of cabbage is to actively promote the use of pesticides of biological origin in accordance with the standardized technical specifications for pollution-free vegetable production, and adopt methods such as agricultural control as the basis, combined with physical control, and scientific and rational use of pesticides to ensure that cabbage is safe, high-quality, and pollution-free.

4.1 Agricultural control

Select disease-resistant varieties; reasonable rotation; strictly deal with stubble roots and fallen leaves in diseased plots. Never use stubble leaves as feed or compost. They should be buried or burned.

4.2 Physical prevention

Select frequency or solar insecticidal lamp, yellow board, sex attractant to trap and kill adults.

4.3 Pharmacy Control

The main diseases of Tengchong cabbage are root swelling, downy mildew, soft and black rot, black spot, etc .; the main pests are aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage worm, and Spodoptera litura. The scientific and rational use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue chemical pesticides is an important method for controlling cabbage diseases and insect pests. During the pollution-free production of cabbage, the use of pesticides must be strictly in accordance with the number of uses, concentration and safety interval specified by the state, and alternately used.

5 Timely harvesting

When the leaf ball is solid and shiny, it is a sign that the cabbage is ripe and should be harvested in time. Especially in the rainy season, if the harvest is not timely, the leaf ball will easily crack and rot, which will affect the quality.

Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If third party legal rights are involved, please inform this website to deal with them. phone