In some rabbits commonly used feed contains some toxic ingredients to varying degrees. Some of these substances hinder the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and some interfere with the normal metabolism of rabbits. The toxicity of a beverage poison depends not only on its virulence but also to a large extent on its content in the feed. When the toxic content of feed is lower than the critical level of poisoning, it can be safely used for feeding and will not cause adverse consequences. On the contrary, if it is higher than the critical level, it will endanger the health of rabbits and may even cause poisoning and death.
Trypsin inhibitor
In many feeds there is a substance called trypsin inhibitor. These substances are polypeptides composed of amino acid residues in the biochemical structure, and they are not destroyed in the stomach. After entering the small intestine, they combine with trypsin to form a complex, which inactivates trypsin. This complex is not decomposed in the small intestine and can be degraded by microorganisms after entering the large intestine or excreted in the feces. Therefore, trypsin inhibitor not only hinders protein digestion, but also loses part of the protein in the rabbit (trypsin itself is a rabbit protein with high essential amino acid content). In common feeds for rabbits, soybeans have a particularly high level of trypsin inhibitors (up to 10.7 μg/g). Therefore, rabbits fed with raw soybeans for prolonged periods may have compensatory enlargement of the pancreas and protein indigestion. The most obvious is the growth of rabbits, and the harm is less in adult rabbits. However, high-temperature treatment can destroy the trypsin inhibitor, and in the hot pressed soybean cake, the trypsin inhibitor can be reduced to 3.4 μg/g; soybeans cooked (100°C) can substantially eliminate this harmful substance.
Goiter substance
In rapeseed cakes with high yield of rapeseed, the content of glucosinolates is as high as 10-13%. These substances can produce oxazolidinone, thiocyanate and isocyanate under the action of glucosidase in feed or animal body. These substances are absorbed by the rabbit body through the digestive tract, which can prevent the thyroid from using iodide ions in the blood and prevent the synthesis of thyroxine (triiodotyrosine and tetraiodotyrosine) from being hindered, causing a large metabolism of the thyroid gland and the entire body. Therefore, although rapeseed cake is rich in nutrients, its feed value is limited. At present, the Research Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang Agricultural University, has developed a rapeseed cake (detox) detoxification additive, a 6107, which has been widely used in the detoxification of livestock and poultry rapeseed cakes. The detoxified rapeseed cake can be used in compound feeds. The proportion has been increased to 20%, and both economic and social benefits are significant. In addition, green goose such as cabbage and broccoli also contains goitreous substances, but the amount or short-term feeding of rabbits does not cause goiter.
Gossypol
Cottonseed cake contains free gossypol, gossypol violet and chlorophyll and other harmful components, in which the absolute proportion of free gossypol, cottonseed cake in the range of 0.07 to 0.24%. The toxic effect of gossypol on rabbits is to cause body tissue damage and reduce reproductive function. The addition of ferrous sulfate to the cottonseed cake effectively eliminates the toxicity of gossypol. The appropriate proportion of cottonseed cake in rabbit diets (5 to 10%) is safe to use.
Phytohemagglutinin
These substances are mainly found in leguminous plants and can cause hemagglutination. However, they are not absorbed in rabbits and therefore do not damage the blood circulation system, but can cause damage to the intestinal mucosa and impede the absorption of nutrients. After ripening (cooking) can destroy phytohemagglutinin.
Saponin
In some leguminous pastures and rapeseed cakes, saponin is contained. Excessive intake of pigs and chickens can cause poor growth and poisoning. The effects on rabbits need to be experimentally observed. However, because of its extremely bitter taste, the feed intake of this feed for rabbits can be significantly reduced.
Oxalate
In some green feed (Lai, spinach, etc.), the content of oxalic acid and oxalate is higher. In the digestive tract, oxalic acid can combine with calcium to form an insoluble compound, calcium oxalate, which impedes calcium absorption. Oxalic acid absorbed by rabbits can bind to serum calcium and precipitate, causing rapid reduction of blood calcium levels and causing muscle spasms and other symptoms. Therefore, for oxalate-rich green feed, the amount of feed should be strictly controlled to avoid hypocalcemia.
Mycotoxins
In rabbit feeding, besides paying attention to the toxic substances inherent in the feed, it is also necessary to prevent mildew in the feed. Some protein-rich feeds are good substrates for the growth of toxin-producing fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Aflatoxin poisoning in rabbits showed loss of appetite and drinking water, dehydration and lethargy, followed by liver damage and jaundice. Some grain feeds can produce toxins such as citrinin, citracin, T2 toxin and zearalenone after moldy failure. These can cause kidney and liver damage, reduced reproductive function, and even cause death.
In addition, ergot is also a common fungal toxin that can harm the central nervous system and smooth muscles. It can also cause blood circulation disorders and cause gangrene. The diseased rabbits show symptoms such as lameness and limb pain. Clover in the occurrence of mold growth, can be included in the conversion of coumarin into dicoumarin, antagonistic vitamin K, causing vitamin K deficiency.
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