Since September, peppers grown in open fields often experience premature plant decline due to insufficient water and nutrients in the later growth stages. This typically manifests as yellowing leaves and severe defoliation, which hampers photosynthesis and leads to an increase in unripe green fruits, ultimately affecting overall yield. At this critical time, growers need to take proactive measures to maintain plant health, prevent decay, accelerate fruit ripening, and ensure a successful harvest.
First, it's essential to manage irrigation effectively. Farmers should closely monitor weather forecasts and water plants in small amounts when necessary—whether during dry spells or after rainfall. The goal is to avoid overwatering and keep the soil surface dry to prevent root diseases. Watering should be done consistently but not excessively.
Second, proper fertilization during the late growth stage is crucial. Although the peak nutrient demand has passed, it's still important to provide adequate nutrition. Apply fertilizer in smaller quantities more frequently. For each mu of land, mix 10 kg of urea with 15 kg of specialized compound fertilizer and apply it through irrigation. Make sure to spread it evenly across the field, avoiding direct contact with leaves or near the roots to prevent fertilizer burn.
In fields where early aging has already occurred, it's advisable to combine topdressing with foliar sprays. A solution of 0.1% urea or 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed onto the plants. These solutions help restore plant vitality and improve the condition caused by nutrient deficiency. Additionally, incorporating microbial fertilizers into the spray mixture can further enhance soil health and promote better nutrient absorption.
By maintaining proper watering and fertilization practices, growers can significantly improve the health of their pepper plants, reduce losses, and maximize yield at the end of the growing season. It's a delicate balance, but with attention and timely action, even late-season challenges can be managed effectively.
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