I. Comprehensive agricultural control measures
1. Selection of disease-resistant good varieties The selection of suitable high-yield, disease-resistant and disease-resistant, high-resistance and high-quality varieties suitable for local production, with less or no pesticide application, is an economically effective method for disease prevention and yield increase.
2, cultivation management measures. First, the rotation of vegetables in protected areas is reversed. For example, rotation of melons can not only significantly reduce the disease but also have a good effect on yield increase. After two years of greenhouse vegetable planting, onion on a summer season also has good disease-prevention effects. The second is to clean the pastoral areas, completely eliminate the diseased plant residues, diseased fruit and weeds, centralize the destruction of deep-buried plants, and cut off the route of transmission. The third is to cover the film, water under the film to reduce the greenhouse moisture. Fourth, the implementation of formula fertilization, increase the maturity of organic fertilizer, with the application of phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer control, the late growth period can use nitrate inhibitor dicyandiamide to prevent nitrate accumulation and pollution in vegetables. The fifth is to set up a gauze net in the vents of the greenhouse to prevent the invasion of whiteflies, roundworms and other pests. Sixth, deep plowing is to improve the cultivation methods such as improving the soil and soil. Seventh, promotion of soilless cultivation and net sand cultivation.
3, ecological control measures. Mainly through the regulation of greenhouse temperature and humidity, improve Lighting conditions, adjust the air and other ecological measures to promote the healthy growth of vegetables, inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases. The first is "five changes and one increase." That is, there is no drip film for the drip film, and the full-coverage film is planted in the greenhouse. The cultivated mulberry is cultivated for sorghum cultivation, and the dredged water is used for submerged irrigation under the film. The middle part of the greenhouse is replaced with the wind in the middle of the greenhouse. To increase the watershed at the front of the shed, set the water in the shed to exclude the ground and reduce the water evaporation in the shed. The second is to irrigate the water in the winter greenhouses and master the “three-three-three-three-three-control†technology, which means that the sky will not pour on the sunny day, the afternoon will not be poured in the morning, and the clear water will not be poured in the dark; the watering at the seedling stage will be controlled. Cloudy water control, low temperature control watering. Third, prevention and control of pests and diseases can be controlled by aerosols and dusts without spraying to reduce the humidity in the shed. The fourth is to wipe the shed film and keep the shed film in good light, increase the light, increase the temperature, and reduce the relative humidity. Fifthly, in preventing freezing damage, measures such as thickening the wall, covering with double membranes, laminating membranes to reduce holes, increasing the shed body, digging the cold-proof ditch and other measures to improve the insulation effect of the shed can reduce the relative humidity to Below 80%, the greenhouse temperature can be increased by 3-4°C, which effectively reduces the freezing injury and physiological diseases of vegetables.
Second, physical control measures
1, drying seeds, warm soup soaking. Before sowing or soaking and germination, the seeds are sunned for 2-3 days, and sunlight can be used to kill the pathogens attached to the seeds; Seeds of eggplant, melon, and fruit can be soaked in warm water at 55° C. for 10-15 minutes, all of which can play a role of disinfection and sterilization. The role of; soaked with 10% salt water for 10 minutes, can be mixed into Yundou, beans in the sclerotia residue and bacteria drift out and kill, and then rinse the seeds with water, sowing, can prevent Sclerotinia, with This method can also prevent nematode disease.
2, the use of high-temperature solar disinfection, pest control. The common method used by growers is high-temperature stuffy sheds or sheds. During the summer leisure period, the sheds are covered and closed, and the air is warmed and thawed. The temperature can reach 60-70°C, and the high-temperature stuffy sheds can kill various pests and diseases in the soil for 5-7 days.
3, grafted cultivation. Using black-skin squash to graft cucumber and squash can effectively control blight and gray mold, and have high disease resistance and high yield.
4, trapping. By using the yellowing properties of whitefly and aphids, insecticides such as butter plates and yellow water bowls are trapped in the shed.
5, spraying non-toxic protective agents and health agents. Leaf-surface spraying of 400-500 times of bamolin on vegetable leaves can form a non-toxic lipid film on the leaf surface, which can prevent pollution. The foliar spraying of plant health factors can increase the ability of plants to resist pests, and there is no corrosion. , no pollution, safe and convenient.
Third, scientific and rational use of pesticides
1. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and high residue pesticides on vegetables. Such as carbofuran, 3911, 1605, methyl 1605, 1059, methylisophospor, monocrotophos, phosphoamine, methamidophos, omethoate, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, insecticidal guanidine, fluoroacetamide , 666, DDT, organic mercury preparations, etc., are prohibited to use on vegetables, and as a strict statute to treat, fine for those who cause bad consequences and pursue criminal responsibility.
2. Use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides. Such as trichlorfon, phoxim, malathion, polyphorus, thiophanate and so on. Strict implementation of the safe use of pesticides, control the number of medications, drug concentration and attention to safety intervals, with special emphasis on harvesting during the safe harvest consumption.
1. Selection of disease-resistant good varieties The selection of suitable high-yield, disease-resistant and disease-resistant, high-resistance and high-quality varieties suitable for local production, with less or no pesticide application, is an economically effective method for disease prevention and yield increase.
2, cultivation management measures. First, the rotation of vegetables in protected areas is reversed. For example, rotation of melons can not only significantly reduce the disease but also have a good effect on yield increase. After two years of greenhouse vegetable planting, onion on a summer season also has good disease-prevention effects. The second is to clean the pastoral areas, completely eliminate the diseased plant residues, diseased fruit and weeds, centralize the destruction of deep-buried plants, and cut off the route of transmission. The third is to cover the film, water under the film to reduce the greenhouse moisture. Fourth, the implementation of formula fertilization, increase the maturity of organic fertilizer, with the application of phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer control, the late growth period can use nitrate inhibitor dicyandiamide to prevent nitrate accumulation and pollution in vegetables. The fifth is to set up a gauze net in the vents of the greenhouse to prevent the invasion of whiteflies, roundworms and other pests. Sixth, deep plowing is to improve the cultivation methods such as improving the soil and soil. Seventh, promotion of soilless cultivation and net sand cultivation.
3, ecological control measures. Mainly through the regulation of greenhouse temperature and humidity, improve Lighting conditions, adjust the air and other ecological measures to promote the healthy growth of vegetables, inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases. The first is "five changes and one increase." That is, there is no drip film for the drip film, and the full-coverage film is planted in the greenhouse. The cultivated mulberry is cultivated for sorghum cultivation, and the dredged water is used for submerged irrigation under the film. The middle part of the greenhouse is replaced with the wind in the middle of the greenhouse. To increase the watershed at the front of the shed, set the water in the shed to exclude the ground and reduce the water evaporation in the shed. The second is to irrigate the water in the winter greenhouses and master the “three-three-three-three-three-control†technology, which means that the sky will not pour on the sunny day, the afternoon will not be poured in the morning, and the clear water will not be poured in the dark; the watering at the seedling stage will be controlled. Cloudy water control, low temperature control watering. Third, prevention and control of pests and diseases can be controlled by aerosols and dusts without spraying to reduce the humidity in the shed. The fourth is to wipe the shed film and keep the shed film in good light, increase the light, increase the temperature, and reduce the relative humidity. Fifthly, in preventing freezing damage, measures such as thickening the wall, covering with double membranes, laminating membranes to reduce holes, increasing the shed body, digging the cold-proof ditch and other measures to improve the insulation effect of the shed can reduce the relative humidity to Below 80%, the greenhouse temperature can be increased by 3-4°C, which effectively reduces the freezing injury and physiological diseases of vegetables.
Second, physical control measures
1, drying seeds, warm soup soaking. Before sowing or soaking and germination, the seeds are sunned for 2-3 days, and sunlight can be used to kill the pathogens attached to the seeds; Seeds of eggplant, melon, and fruit can be soaked in warm water at 55° C. for 10-15 minutes, all of which can play a role of disinfection and sterilization. The role of; soaked with 10% salt water for 10 minutes, can be mixed into Yundou, beans in the sclerotia residue and bacteria drift out and kill, and then rinse the seeds with water, sowing, can prevent Sclerotinia, with This method can also prevent nematode disease.
2, the use of high-temperature solar disinfection, pest control. The common method used by growers is high-temperature stuffy sheds or sheds. During the summer leisure period, the sheds are covered and closed, and the air is warmed and thawed. The temperature can reach 60-70°C, and the high-temperature stuffy sheds can kill various pests and diseases in the soil for 5-7 days.
3, grafted cultivation. Using black-skin squash to graft cucumber and squash can effectively control blight and gray mold, and have high disease resistance and high yield.
4, trapping. By using the yellowing properties of whitefly and aphids, insecticides such as butter plates and yellow water bowls are trapped in the shed.
5, spraying non-toxic protective agents and health agents. Leaf-surface spraying of 400-500 times of bamolin on vegetable leaves can form a non-toxic lipid film on the leaf surface, which can prevent pollution. The foliar spraying of plant health factors can increase the ability of plants to resist pests, and there is no corrosion. , no pollution, safe and convenient.
Third, scientific and rational use of pesticides
1. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and high residue pesticides on vegetables. Such as carbofuran, 3911, 1605, methyl 1605, 1059, methylisophospor, monocrotophos, phosphoamine, methamidophos, omethoate, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, insecticidal guanidine, fluoroacetamide , 666, DDT, organic mercury preparations, etc., are prohibited to use on vegetables, and as a strict statute to treat, fine for those who cause bad consequences and pursue criminal responsibility.
2. Use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides. Such as trichlorfon, phoxim, malathion, polyphorus, thiophanate and so on. Strict implementation of the safe use of pesticides, control the number of medications, drug concentration and attention to safety intervals, with special emphasis on harvesting during the safe harvest consumption.
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