First, the symptoms of golden disease harm leaves, new shoots, inflorescence, ear, etc., usually in the early stages of grape growth symptoms. The performance of new shoots is slow, the internodes are short, the edges of the leaves are rolled downwards, and the shoots are sagging. This is due to the irregular growth of the xylem and the lack of bast fibers. When the growing season is advanced, the symptoms are aggravated, the curling of the leaves is more pronounced, the leaves become chlorotic, the varieties of white grapes turn yellow, and the red grape varieties turn black. In autumn, chlorosis and necrosis occur along the veins, black blisters appear between the nodes, and sometimes the bark splits longitudinally and the yield is greatly reduced. The inflorescence will die when symptoms appear at the beginning of the disease. If the ear is formed, the fruit will also appear wilting or dry, and the taste will be extremely bitter, or it will fall off with slight vibration. Infected shoots cannot grow and mature until winter, and only a few shoots can grow over winter. Pathogenic golden diseases are diseases caused by mycoplasma. Mycoplasma is a prokaryote with no cell wall and cell membrane only. It can only proliferate in host plants and mediators. The bacteria are sensitive to temperature. The water temperature at 30°C reduced the invasiveness by 80% and the in vitro survival time was 44 hours. Sensitive to tetracycline antibiotics. Third, the dissemination of laws 1, seedlings and cuttings spread with long-distance transport of diseased seedlings, the disease spread to new areas. Diseased diseased shoots collected from diseased trees may become infected after they have been cut. The use of severe shoot cuttings in the year is generally not easy to survive or the survival rate is very low. 2, by leafhopper and grafting spread as long as there are diseased plants in the field, the existence of poisonous leafhoppers, the disease will spread. Pathogens can proliferate within the salivary glands of the mediator leafhoppers. Adults are poisoned for life and transmit diseases persistently. Nymphs can also be transmitted diseases. However, it is less efficient than adults. Mediator leafhoppers can hide in the gaps between grape shoots and overwinter with seedlings. IV. Prevention and Control Measures 1. Strictly enforce quarantine measures In strict accordance with the quarantine regulations, introduce non-epidemic areas, test species should be planted in approved isolated or insect-proof net rooms for two years after the introduction of the varieties, in order to prevent the pathogens and the eggs of disease-prone leafhoppers. Seedlings spread to new areas and spread harm. 2. Treat Cuttings Before cutting, insert the cuttings in hot water at 50°C for 20 minutes to kill the hidden leafhopper eggs and reduce the pathogen's vigor. 3, remove diseased plants in early spring to remove the germinating late and suffering from the freezing of suspected diseased plants in summer to remove the suspected symptoms of the plant to prevent the proliferation of pathogens spread. 4. Strengthen the timing of grape orchard management in the grape growth, make the branches and leaves of the grape evenly distributed, and provide good ventilation and light; after the fall, clearing the deciduous, withered grass in the vineyard and eliminating the wintering sites of the leafhopper can reduce the number of pests. 5, pest control disease prevention in the park of the diseased plants have been found, such as the presence of media leafhoppers, should be early in the leafhopper nymphs and nymphs early spraying, spraying 75% phoxim 3000 times, 40% oxidative music If 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid, 50% dichlorvos 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, 90% dipterex 1200 times, etc., late in the form of insect mixture, the choice of 80% acetamidomidazole 2000 times. 6, selection of disease-resistant varieties has not yet found a variety of immunity to the disease, but there is a great difference in disease resistance among varieties. The more resistant varieties include "Golden Finger" "87-1", "Hitti", "Victoria", "Royal Fall" and "Beauty Man". 7, pharmaceutical protection with tetracycline antibiotic injection, each strain of 50 ml, containing 0.045 to 0.050 grams of active ingredients, have a certain effect, but can not eradicate the disease, withdrawal after the withdrawal of the meeting, and the cost is higher, not a large area use.
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