First, buy high-quality dairy cows. Many small and medium-sized dairy farms tend to buy cheaper cows and buy individuals from other dairy farms. These individuals have poor production performance and low economic efficiency. When purchasing dairy cows, it should go to state-owned or collective dairy farms with high standard of management, high reputation and large scale. It is advisable to buy dairy cows with medium sensation. Do not buy fat cows. The cow's breasts should be stretched forward and backward, showing the shape of a bathtub. The nipples are well-distributed. When purchasing milk cows, you should also check the dairy farm files on the dairy farms, including pedigree files, medical record files, and epidemic prevention files, and select healthy cattle that have excellent pedigrees and good epidemic records. Second, a reasonable mix of feed. Due to the limitations of their own conditions, the medium and small-scale dairy farms tend to have relatively single types of feed, especially in the winter and spring seasons, which are severely deficient in high-quality dry grass and green and blue succulent feeds. In winter and spring, milk cows are at the peak of milk production and adaptation period, and require high quality. Nutrient-rich feed, so we must pay attention to the diversification of feed, pay attention to the storage of green hay, green succulent feed and supply, while adjusting the content of the nutrients in the concentrate to meet the production needs of dairy cows. The feed formula of dairy cows must be adjusted according to the cow's own condition and cannot be changed. Otherwise, it will waste the feed and affect the production performance. In the lactation period, due to the fact that the cost of concentrates accounts for a large proportion of the total feed cost, the rationality of feeding the concentrates is directly related to the amount of milk produced by the dairy cows and the level of economic benefits. The proportion of concentrate in the dairy cow diet should generally be less than 50% to ensure that the crude fiber content in the diet is not less than 13%, and generally the high-yield dairy cow should feed less than 10kg per day. Third, strengthen daily management. The small and medium-sized dairy farms should be standardized in feeding and management. They must formulate a set of effective and practical daily operating procedures that are strictly implemented and not arbitrarily changed. In particular, the cows should be fed, milked, and milked. The number can not be arbitrarily changed. During the milking period, we must do a good job in environmental sanitation. We must clean the cattle pens and sports grounds on a daily basis and regularly brush our cattle and cleaning equipment. When milking, strictly follow the operating procedures. Fourth, let cattle safe summer. In summer, the weather is hot. In order to minimize the impact caused by the increase of temperature, the following points should be achieved: 1 Cows are naturally cold and heat-stressed, and the feed intake of dairy cows declines at high temperatures. Feed, feed more green, tender, juicy and high protein content feed. 2 Try to adjust the feeding time to morning and evening. 3 Give dairy cows clean drinking water from deep wells and increase the amount of urine excretion to reduce body fluid loss caused by excessive sweating. 4 Note the ventilation of the barn. (5) Attention should be paid to the control of flies and mosquitoes, clean up of cowhouse excrement in time, and regularly disinfect the cowshed. Fifth, pay attention to feeding during the dry period. Small and medium-sized dairy farms generally pay more attention to the feeding and management of lactating dairy cows, but they often overlook the feeding management of dry cows. In fact, whether the feeding of milk cows during the dry period is reasonable or not is directly related to the production performance of the cow during the next lactation cycle. The lactating cows, especially the high-producing dairy cows, should have a dry period of about 60 days after 305 days of milk production in order to lay the foundation for the next lactation peak. We must not pay attention to the feeding and management of dairy cows because they do not produce milk during the dry period. This can seriously affect the future performance of dairy cows. During the dry period, dairy cows are fed with 2-3 kg of concentrate and 2 kg of high-quality hay each day. For dairy cows with poor water quality, the amount of nutrient-rich feed should also be appropriately increased. During the last two weeks of dry milk, the calcium and phosphorus content of the diet should be promptly reduced (the daily supply is controlled at 60-80 grams of calcium and 60 grams of phosphorus) to stimulate the absorption of minerals by postpartum dairy cows and to prevent postpartum disease. China Agricultural Network Editor
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