Pearl is a traditional Chinese precious medicinal material. It has the effects of calming the nerves, clearing away heat and dripping yin, detoxifying eyesight, skin care, brain-breathing, and longevity. China is one of the first countries in the world to collect pearls, and it is also the country that first cultivated pearls. China’s production of freshwater, seedless pearls ranks first in the world, accounting for more than 38% of the world’s total production. However, with the booming production of pearl culture, the output has increased substantially, and the quality of pearls has become a problem for many farmers. The author now has the most critical factor directly affecting the quality of pearls – the technical points of pearl surgery are described below. 1Preoperative preparation 1.1 Tool materials Preparation The surgical tools include the preparation tools (two flat tweezers, one anatomical scalpel, one scalpel, and one insurance blade), several pieces of glass, and several sponges; (One wound needle, one delivery needle, one mouthpiece, one surgical frame, one blackout sheet, one copper plug, and one sterilization box). 1 surgical table, a number of small benches, medicine cotton, medicine bottles and large, medium and small plastic pots. 1.2 Surgical fistula preparation Surgical fistula should be placed in a mud-free net cage for more than 1 week before surgery, and then washed for selection. Those with smooth shells were selected as small tablets and the rest were used as producer tablets. Overnight is a good choice to keep in a plastic basin for use during surgery on the next day. (Note that the water should be changed before surgery on the next day, and the operating room water should be treated with pond water.) 2 preparation of small pieces 2.1 killing requirements not to film (ie the mantle should be intact attached to the shell), and wash the visceral mass of dirt with water. 2.2 Cut out mantle membrane pigment edge Because the pigment edge cells mainly secrete the prism layer and stratum corneum, if not cut off, the formed pearl is mostly no luster, bone beads or black beads. 2.3 Clipping the outer edge of the mantle The left edge of the mantle grips the edge of the mantle where the pigment edge has been trimmed, and the width of the edge of the mandible is cut with an anatomic clip and placed on the glass slide with the outer skin facing upwards. One side is outer skin). In addition, the edge of the outlet membrane should be cut off, because this part of the mantle produced by the strong ability of nacre. 2.4 tear film with a flat tweezers clip edge of the front edge of the membrane (close to the end of the mouth), with another flat tweezers gripping the outer skin to gently peel before peeling, tearing a short period, the outer surface of the epidermis Flatten out, gently compress with a cotton ball, and then use the left hand to hold the layer of connective tissue and the inner surface of the skin in a light tear. The cotton wool immediately follows the left hand tearing the membrane until the skin is completely torn off. Then use a cotton ball to gently purify the outer surface of the skin, requiring light, fast, continuous membrane, does not hurt the membrane. 2.5 Slicing Slightly tilt the piece of glass to the right and use a safety blade to cut the outer skin into small, rectangular pieces. After the shrinkage is restored, squares or squares are formed. In addition, in the case of not affecting the insert, the larger the better, the larger the pearl sac and pearls. After 3 small pieces of inoculated small pieces are prepared, they should be implanted in the connective tissue of the mantle of the receptor in time. The specific methods are as follows: 3.1 Open the shell and place it on the operating frame, gently rub it between the two shells of the Bowl with an opener, and slowly open the double shell (open shell control is about 10% of the length of the shell. ), using "U" shaped copper wire plugs. Note that the shell should not be too wide, otherwise it will damage the shell muscles of the pupa, which will affect the survival rate of the larvae. 3.2 Insert a small piece of the right hand to take a wound needle to the right to create a wound and the epidermis gently pick up the epidermis to the front of the chest, the left hand with a small needle to gently put the wrapped piece into the wound, and then use the wound The needle is lightly pressed into the small piece that has been fed in, and the needle is pulled out. A little round can be added. Note that the wound should not be too large, and must not be wounded by the mantle. This is because the wound is too large and easy to vomit. If the hook is damaged, the mantle will produce shell beads and even cause the death of the larvae. Small tablets should pay attention to the following technical points. 3.2.1 Per-segregation Transplantation In practice, the principle of isometric transplantation should be followed (ie, small pieces are transplanted into receptors in corresponding positions). This reduces rejection and accelerates wound healing. 3.2.2 Inoculation of Small Pieces At present, there are 32, 34, and 36 grains inoculated by farmers. 3.2.3 Patch arrangement This is a crucial part of the patch inoculation operation. Generally in plum shape, from the abdomen to the back of the abdomen to the back by 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 arrangement. In addition, the length of the arrangement of the six grains close to the ventral edge should be controlled at about 45% of the length of the corpus callosum in order to prevent the axe foot from being stretched to cause a spit. Inoculated within 45% of the carcass length shall be sparsely planted to fully utilize the area of ​​the carcass and prevent the formation of pearls from squeezing and blocking each other, resulting in the generation of malformed beads. 3.2.4 Small pieces of full circle The small part of the connective tissue of the receptor's mantle is rounded and lifted up by gently arranging the small pieces that have been fed into the wound with the back of the wound needle. This results in a high pearl ball rate.
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