At present, the planting efficiency of konjac is getting better and better, so now more and more farmers friends are choosing to plant konjac in large areas. At this time, the small-scale distributed storage method of the dry family has not been able to adapt to the needs of large-scale production. Faced with the actual needs and difficulties of industrial development, many experts began to conduct large-scale indoor storage experiments.
1 Selection of konjac species for indoor storage
Although there are many storage methods for konjac species, there are few alternative storage methods for large-scale konjac breeding bases and production bases that are aimed at pursuing safety, efficiency, convenience, and control. Outdoor storage methods such as storage on the spot, pit or burial, outdoor storage, etc., can not guarantee the safe wintering of the seedlings under extreme cold or bad natural weather, and it is inconvenient to carry out effective control and control, which is not suitable for large-scale konjac planting base; indoor Storage methods such as dry sand accumulation, attic stacking, hanging baskets, and flat piles are feasible and effective, but they are more suitable for a small-scale grower. It is not suitable for large-scale planting and breeding bases. Be applicable. Practice has shown that indoor storage not only can fully utilize the maximum storage capacity of indoor space, make full use of space, increase storage capacity, but also achieve safety, convenience and control. Therefore, indoor truss has become an inevitable choice for large-scale seed storage.
2 storage room selection
From the perspective of storage scale, the amount of konjac species generally stored on a large scale should be at least 25t. Therefore, we should first consider the choice of a larger storage chamber. Secondly, the konjac base is generally located in the mountainous area above 800m above sea level. The konjac breeding base is more than 1200m. The higher the altitude, the lower the winter temperature and the longer the duration. In order to avoid the freezing damage of the seedling, the storage room should choose the altitude slightly. Low place and short distance from the base for easy transportation. According to the above requirements, through careful investigation, it was found that many primary schools in the mountainous areas were merged due to lack of students, and many primary schools were abandoned. Therefore, the guiding base chose the primary school classroom that was currently abandoned and the building was well preserved, which was an ideal storage room. On the one hand, it can save huge investment in self-built storage rooms. On the other hand, it can develop the konjac industry for the rural fixed assets, and it is strongly supported by the village.
3 Storage rack design and placement
As a kind of storage room, the primary school classroom generally has a length × width × height of 8.0m × 6.0m × 2.8m. According to this size, the storage rack can be made of wood with a width of 1.0-1.2m and a height of 2.5-2.6m. 5 layers, each layer is separated by 1250px. Each layer of the bed used to store the seedlings needs to be made of rattan or bamboo or wood strips or made into a breathable grid and can carry a large weight. The next layer is about 500px from the ground. The storage racks are generally placed in the direction of the classroom. Four classrooms are placed in a classroom, and a 0.5m wide walkway is left between each of the two storage racks. The side of the classroom door is set to a length of 1.0-1.5 m in the long direction. Distance, easy to operate. In the storage of the Changyang Longzhouping Konjac Professional Cooperative, the operation corridor of the lm wide is left by the door of the classroom. The storage rack of the front and rear walls of the classroom is 1m wide, and the storage rack of the middle 2 rows is 1.2m wide. Calculated at 5m, the total area of ​​a storage room that can be used to store seedlings is 110m2. Generally, the seedlings of 100-150g can be placed 40-60kg per 1m, calculated according to the average laying seedlings 50kg/m2, each storage compartment can store about 5.5t, 25t kinds of storage requires 4-5 storage rooms. .
4 Pre-storage requirements
The storage and transportation of konjac species is a very important part in the development of konjac base, and the harvest of konjac sooner or later, harvest quality, harvest climate, transport damage and treatment methods are directly related to the storage level of carp. In order to obtain a high level of storage, the konjac species should pay attention to the following points before storage: First, we must pay attention to harvest at the right time. Harvesting too early or too late is not good for storage and should be best harvested when the konjac matures. To determine the best period for konjac collection and excavation, 10 konjac plants can be randomly selected for excavation and observation. The petiole at 125px from the base of the bulb is hard and soft. The petiole can be pulled out by hand, and the detachment is smooth, indicating that the konjac is mature. Start collecting and digging. In general, it is more suitable to harvest the konjac after 80% of the whole seedlings, or about the day before and after the frosting. When the soil is dry, the temperature should not be too low. When the bulb is just excavated, the water content is large to avoid freezing damage. The second is to select the seedlings in strict accordance with the standard, and separate the seedlings from the commercial ones, and eliminate the kinds of defects such as injuries, diseases and deformities in the seedlings. The third is to carefully excavate during the operation of collecting, digging, transporting, placing, etc., and the paper baskets are packed and handled gently to prevent mechanical damage. The fourth is to be sun-breeding, which can be used for 7-10 days, so that the fresh leeward wind loses about 15%. The fifth is the treatment of the drug, which can be formulated with 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 10 million U 72% agricultural streptomycin WP wettable powder in a ratio of 3:1. The powder coating treatment is carried out, and the drug soaking treatment can also be carried out under conditions. After the above prepared seedlings, indoor storage can be carried out.
5 Main control measures during storage
The storage of the cockroaches is directly related to the production scale, production level and economic benefits of the konjac in the coming year, so the safe storage of the carp is essential. There are many factors affecting the safe storage of konjac species. In summary, there are “seven fearsâ€, that is, fear of injury, fear of illness, fear of cold, fear of heat, fear of dampness, fear of dryness, and fear of nausea. The management of the konjac species during storage and the control of environmental conditions are mainly centered on the above-mentioned “seven fearsâ€. The management measures are now introduced as follows.
(1) The shelf operation is preventive. Most of the konjac species are stored manually from the outdoor to the indoor shelf. It is necessary to pay attention to the handling, such as scratching and dropping. When placing the seedlings, first place the uppermost layer, then gradually lay down the lower layer, and place 2-3 rows of seedlings in each shelf layer. For smaller seedlings and rhizomes, the stacking thickness can be appropriately increased.
(2) After the shelves are placed, disease prevention and fumigation treatment. In the early stage of storage, the bulb has high water content, strong breathing, and large water release. At this time, the temperature is high. If the weather is not good, etc., the medicine powder coating and soaking treatment are not carried out before storage. The indoor closed fumigation treatment can be carried out, and formaldehyde (40%) can be mixed with potassium permanganate for 30 minutes. Specific methods: 1m2 per space can formaldehyde 5mL, 2.5g of potassium permanganate in an amount, to calculate the total amount of each storage compartment, and with a larger glass or ceramic vessel (with respect to the amount of reagent) was charged to a heated Put the potassium permanganate into the mixture, and finally pour the formaldehyde solution into it. Each storage room can be set with 4-5 fumigation points, evenly distributed, so that the fumigation is more uniform, and the doors and windows should be opened after the disinfection is completed. Ventilation until the smell is exhausted.
(3) Control the appropriate temperature during storage to prevent too low or too high. The optimal indoor temperature of the konjac species should be kept at 6-12 °C, and the minimum temperature should not be lower than 5 °C. The maximum should not exceed 18 °C. From the indoor study on konjac soft rot and chalk disease, the growth rate of konjac soft rot bacteria at the low temperature of about 8 °C is less than 1/3 of the highest, while the hyphae of white peony almost stopped growing below 10 °C. when the temperature reached 18 ℃ two began to significantly accelerate the growth of the disease. Temperature is too low easily lead to varying degrees of damage, the temperature is high on the one hand to speed up the kinds of taro respiration, water loss quickly, causing weight loss accelerated, while the activities will be accelerated disease infection, can lead to a sense of disease; on the other hand high temperature, also easy to break dormancy prematurely, causing buds began to grow roots and overstretched, aging seedlings formed, tend to die. Kinds of taro initial storage (income dig before the end of the year 12) controlling the temperature at 8-10 ℃, can be reduced as soon as possible kinds of taro strong metabolic activity, complete the ripening period. Into dormancy, in order to reduce losses: Conus species interim storage (2 January 2 to the end), Conus species at this stage to further reduce the moisture content, in the deep sleep period, a strong ability to cold, in case the temperature can be controlled 6-8 ° C; seedling storage late (late February to late March). This stage is the gradual release period of the dormant dormancy. The temperature can be controlled at 10-12 °C to promote the germination and proper elongation of the main buds, so that seeding can be carried out early at the end of March or early April to increase the yield. Storage room heating method: on the aisle between the two rows of storage racks, bricks are made into rectangular brick pools with the length and width of the walkway, the depth is l0-15 cm, the chaff or sawdust is placed in the middle, and the coal fire is used. The way of the open fire is to warm the storage room, and 1-2 dry hygrometers are placed indoors for monitoring.
(4) Control the appropriate humidity during the storage period. The optimal indoor humidity of the konjac species should be kept at around 75% during storage. The suitable humidity can not only maintain the freshness and quality of the seedlings, but also prevent the spread of the disease. Humidity is too high, the probability of disease is greatly increased, the humidity is more than 90%, the surface of the seedlings begins to grow white mold, and then the infected wounds cause decay; the humidity is too low, which can cause the seedlings to lose too much water and wilting, the larger species The emergence period will be delayed by 1-2 weeks, and smaller seedlings or cockroaches tend to cause a decrease in germination rate or death. According to experience, the general water loss rate of the seedlings can maintain the normal emergence rate and growth state at around 25%.
(5) Pay attention to ventilation and ventilation during storage. The storage temperature of konjac species is generally low, but the seedlings are afraid of dampness and suffocation, especially in the early stage of storage of sorghum. The closed storage room has high water content and strong breathing, which easily leads to rapid increase of humidity. The window is ventilated and ventilated; during the middle of storage, the outside temperature is very low. It should be ventilated and ventilated when the temperature is relatively warm at noon on sunny days. It should be 1-2 times a week. In case of extreme cold weather, ventilation and ventilation time should be shortened. After completion, it should be heated indoors to keep warm. .
6 Konjac planting technology
(1) Induction of temperature on konjac dormancy
Some plant dormancy is caused by low temperature induction, but konjac bulb dormancy is not caused by low temperature induction. In the high temperature of August and September, the konjac bulbs were dug and placed at 20 °C. The bulbous buds could not germinate immediately, and it took only a few months to release the dormancy.
(II) Effect of storage temperature on the length of dormancy period of konjac bulb
At 5-20 ° C, the higher the temperature, the shorter the dormancy period, and the lower temperature can prolong the dormancy period. At 20 ° C, germination generally begins around February 20, and at 5 ° C and 12 ° C, it does not germinate until the end of March. The lower the temperature, the more significant the effect. It can be seen that the dormancy period of the bulb has a certain relationship with the accumulated temperature. Although the storage temperature, storage time and germination period are different, the accumulated temperature above 0 °C from the seedling to the germination is similar, especially the accumulated temperature of each treatment at 12 °C and 20 °C is closer. At 5 °C, as the storage time prolonged, the accumulated temperature required for germination showed a downward trend.
(3) The lowest temperature at which the top bud of the konjac bulb grows
The minimum temperature for leaf bud germination is 14 ° C, the flower bud is 9 ° C, and the minimum temperature for leaf bud elongation growth is slightly lower than the minimum germination temperature.
The research on the large-scale indoor shelf technology of the konjac species is said today. Farmers who want to plant konjac can learn from it. More exciting shed storage technology is available in Huinong.com!
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