The rice seedling substrate or bed soil suitable for the region and the planting season is selected. The seedling medium and the dry-cultivated bunker soil require acid adjustment, fertilization and detoxification. The southern early rice and the northern single-season rice are required to have a pH of 4.5-6.0. More than 6.5; the pH value of southern single-season rice or late-rice buckwheat soil can be appropriately increased to 5.5-7. Conditional areas promote the breeding of seedlings.
Appropriate sowing: The germination rate of rice seeds is required to be more than 90%. Before planting, the plants should be well-dressed, de-mantled, seeded, immersed in seeds and germinated. According to the rice transplanting time, the suitable sowing time is determined. The northern rice area is generally in the middle of April, and the machine is inserted for 30-35 days. It is recommended to use the soaking and germination machine to soak seeds and germination, set the temperature and other indicators according to the mechanical equipment and seed germination requirements, and germination to achieve "fast, uniform, uniform and strong".
As far as possible, the seedlings are mechanized and finely sown, and the seedling line or the orbital precision seeding machine can be selected. The conditional areas advocate the line planting, directly complete the soil filling, watering (including disinfection and fertilization), precision sowing and covering the topsoil. According to the insertion distance of the transplanter, select the corresponding specification disk. It is recommended to use a 毯-shaped blanket to achieve seedling machine insertion. The seeding water should be soaked in the tray and the bottom soil of the tray should be wet, and there is no water on the surface. There is no dripping water at the bottom of the tray. After sowing the soil, it can wet the bed soil. Before the sowing, do a good job of mechanical adjustment, determine the suitable seed sowing amount, the amount of subsoil and the amount of soil covering. The thickness of the subsoil is generally 2.2-2.5 cm, and the thickness of the covering soil is 0.3-0.6 cm. It is required to cover the soil evenly and not to expose the seeds.
The amount of seeding is determined according to the type of the variety, the season and the size of the plate. The standard of sowing rice in the northern rice area, the wide line (30 cm line spacing) is generally 110-130 g/pan, 35-40 per acre; the hybrid rice can appropriately reduce the seeding amount according to the growth characteristics of the variety; narrow row (25 cm) Line spacing) The disk is adjusted by the width of the wide line (30 cm line spacing). Seeding requirements are accurate, uniform, and not heavy.
Seedling management: Water management should ensure the realization of dry farming, and seedling management should be done according to the breeding method. The management of the emergence period of the northern rice area is temperature control. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 32 °C, the shed will be opened at both ends of the greenhouse, and the vents will be closed at 4-5 pm; the shed temperature will be controlled at 22-25 °C after the emergence, and the maximum is not more than 28 °C, the minimum is not lower than 10 °C, pay attention to timely ventilation and refining. After the early rice planting in the southern rice area, the film is kept warm and mulched, and the slab is kept moist; according to the temperature change, the film venting time and the film uncovering degree are grasped, and the film is tempered at the right time (generally two leaves and one heart); the temperature inside the film is kept at Between 15-35 ° C, to prevent rotten and burned seedlings. Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases at the seedling stage, especially the control of blight and disease. After sowing the single-season rice or continuous cropping late rice, build a shed to cover the shade net or non-woven shade, anti-storm and bird damage. After the emergence of the seedlings, the sunshade net or non-woven fabric is exposed in time. After the seedlings are green, the growth regulators are sprayed according to the age of the machine and the varieties are sprayed with growth regulators. Generally, 300 ppm of paclobutrazol solution is sprayed uniformly with 30 kg of water per acre. 3-4 days before transplanting, Tianqing irrigation half-ditch water seedlings, or water to refine seedlings. Before the transplanting, spray the pesticide on the seedlings to make the pesticides transplanted, so as to effectively control the pests and diseases of the lived trees in the field.
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